More than 90% of the critical skills that an aviation maintenance technician uses are acquired through on-the-job training (OJT). Yet many aviation maintenance technicians rely on a 'degenerating buddy system', 'follow Joe around', or unstructured approach to OJT. Many aspects of the aviation maintenance environment point to the need for a structured OJT program, but perhaps the most significant is the practice of job bidding which can create rapid turnover of technicians. The task analytic training system (TATS), a model for developing team-driven structured OJT was developed by the author, and first introduced in Boeing Commercial Airplane Group to provide competency-based OJT for aviation maintenance and inspection personnel. The goal of the model was not only to provide a comprehensive, highly structured training system that could be applied to any maintenance and inspection task, but also to improve team coordination, attitude and morale. The first goal was accomplished by following the systems eight-step process, the latter through incorporating human factors principles such as decision making, communication, team building and conflict resolution into the process itself. In general, the process helps to instill mutual respect and trust, enhance goal-directed behavior, strengthen technicians' self-esteem and responsiveness to new ideas and encourage technicians to make worthwhile contributions. The theoretical background of the model is addressed by illustrating how the proven training methodologies of job task analysis and job instruction training are blended with human factors principles resulting in a unique team-driven approach to training. The paper discusses major elements of the model including needs identification, outlining targeted jobs, writing and verifying training procedures, an approval system, sequencing of training, certifying trainers, implementing, employing tracking mechanisms, evaluating, and establishing a maintenance/audit plan. Relevance to industry. TATS has been successfully installed in several maintenance and inspection areas of The Boeing Company. Four major U.S. airlines--United Airlines, TransWorld Airlines, Northwest Airlines, and USAirways have participated in two years of development and field testing in their maintenance operations (assisted by the author and Dr. Barbara Kanki of NASA Ames Research Center).

中文翻译：

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基于能力的航空维修和检查在职培训——人为因素方法

航空维修技术人员使用的关键技能 90% 以上是通过在职培训 (OJT) 获得的。然而，许多航空维修技术人员依赖“退化伙伴系统”、“跟随乔”或非结构化的 OJT 方法。航空维修环境的许多方面都表明需要一个结构化的 OJT 计划，但也许最重要的是可以创造技术人员快速流动的工作招标实践。任务分析培训系统（TATS）是作者开发的一种团队驱动的结构化OJT开发模型，并首次引入波音民​​机集团，为航空维修和检查人员提供基于能力的OJT。该模型的目标不仅是提供一个全面的、高度结构化的培训系统，可以应用于任何维护和检查任务，还可以提高团队协调性、态度和士气。第一个目标是通过遵循系统的八步流程来实现的，后者通过将决策、沟通、团队建设和冲突解决等人为因素原则纳入流程本身。总的来说，这个过程有助于灌输相互尊重和信任，增强目标导向的行为，增强技术人员的自尊和对新想法的反应能力，鼓励技术人员做出有价值的贡献。该模型的理论背景通过说明工作任务分析和工作指导培训的经过验证的培训方法如何与人为因素原则相结合，从而形成独特的团队驱动的培训方法。本文讨论了该模型的主要元素，包括需求识别、目标工作概述、培训程序的编写和验证、批准系统、培训顺序、培训师认证、实施、采用跟踪机制、评估和建立维护/审计计划。与行业的相关性。TATS 已成功安装在波音公司的多个维护和检查区域。美国四大航空公司——联合航空公司、环球航空公司、西北航空公司、