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Reservoir timescales for anthropogenic CO2 in the atmosphere
Tellus Series B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 1994-11-01 , DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0889.1994.t01-4-00004.x
B C O'Neill 1 , S R Gaffin , F N Tubiello , M Oppenheimer
Affiliation  

Non-steady state timescales are complicated and their application to specific geophysical systems requires a common theoretical foundation. We first extend reservoir theory by quantifying the difference between turnover time and transit time (or residence time) for time-dependent systems under any mixing conditions. We explicitly demonstrate the errors which result from assuming these timescales are equal, which is only true at steady state. We also derive a new response function which allows the calculation of age distributions and timescales for well-mixed reservoirs away from steady state, and differentiate between timescales based on gross and net fluxes. These theoretical results are particularly important to tracer-calibrated "box models" currently used to study the carbon cycle, which usually approximate reservoirs as well-mixed. We then apply the results to the important case of anthropogenic CO2 in the atmosphere, since timescales describing its behavior are commonly used but ambiguously defined. All relevant timescales, including lifetime, transit time, and adjustment time, are precisely defined and calculated from data and models. Apparent discrepancies between the current, empirically determined turnover time of 30-60 years and longer model-derived estimates of expected lifetime and adjustment time are explained within this theoretical framework. We also discuss the results in light of policy issues related to global warming, in particular since any comparisons of the "lifetimes" of different greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4, N2O, CFC's etc.) must use a consistent definition to be meaningful.

中文翻译:

大气中人为二氧化碳的储层时间尺度

非稳态时标非常复杂,将其应用于特定的地球物理系统需要共同的理论基础。我们首先通过量化在任何混合条件下与时间相关的系统的周转时间与渡越时间(或停留时间)之间的差异来扩展储层理论。我们明确证明了假设这些时间尺度相等而产生的误差,这仅在稳定状态下才成立。我们还导出了一个新的响应函数,该函数允许计算远离稳态的混合井的年龄分布和时间表,并根据总流量和净通量来区分时间表。这些理论结果对于目前用于研究碳循环的示踪剂校准的“盒模型”尤其重要,碳模型通常近似混合均匀的储层。然后,我们将结果应用于大气中人为CO2的重要情况,因为描述其行为的时间表通常被使用,但定义不明确。所有相关的时标,包括寿命,运输时间和调整时间,均已根据数据和模型精确定义和计算。在此理论框架内,可以解释当前由经验确定的30-60年的周转时间与更长的模型得出的预期寿命和调整时间的估计之间的明显差异。我们还将根据与全球变暖相关的政策问题来讨论结果,尤其是由于对不同温室气体(CO2,CH4,N2O,CFC等)的“寿命”进行的任何比较都必须使用一致的定义才有意义。
更新日期:2019-11-01
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