The insulin receptor is a transmembrane tyrosine kinase that is essential for mediating multiple intracellular signalling cascades that lead ultimately to the biological actions of insulin Tyrosine phosphorylation o f the cytosolic proteins insulin receptor substrate 1 and 2 (IRS1 and IRS2) produces protein 'scaffolding' for the assembly of effector proteins containing Src homology 2 (SH2) domains, thereby generating multisubunit signalling complexes. Although IRS1 was originally isolated as a specific insulin receptor substrate, both IRS1 and IRS2 appear to play a broader role, functioning also as proximal substrates in growth hormone and cytokine receptor signalling. Current data establish IRS1 and IRS2 as critical effectors integrating various cell-type-specific signals into distinct, but overlapping, biological responses.

中文翻译：

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胰岛素受体底物1和2（IRS1和IRS2）：编织的纤维网很缠结。

胰岛素受体是跨膜酪氨酸激酶，对于介导多个细胞内信号传导级联至关重要，这些级联最终导致胰岛素的生物活性胞质蛋白的酪氨酸磷酸化胰岛素受体底物1和2（IRS1和IRS2）产生蛋白质的“支架”。包含Src同源2（SH2）域的效应蛋白的装配，从而产生多亚基信号复合物。尽管IRS1最初是作为特定的胰岛素受体底物而分离的，但IRS1和IRS2似乎都起着更广泛的作用，在生长激素和细胞因子受体信号转导中也起着近端底物的作用。目前的数据将IRS1和IRS2确立为关键效应器，将各种细胞类型特异性信号整合到不同但重叠的生物学反应中。