The error negativity, an EEG wave observed when subjects commit an error in a choice reaction time (RT) task, is often considered as a sign of error detection. Recently, reports of Ne-like waves on correct responses did challenge this interpretation. It has been proposed, however, that these Ne-like waves result either from an artifactual contamination of response-locked activities by stimulus-locked ones, or from an implicit monitoring of the time elapsing during the RT. Our aim was to reprocess published data: (1) to compare the shape and amplitude of EMG-locked and stimulus-locked ERPs on correct trials, and (2) to compare the size of the EMG-locked Ne-like waves obtained on fast and slow trials. The results neither support the artifact hypothesis nor the RT monitoring one. Therefore, it seems that the Ne-like waves observed on correct trials do correspond to a Ne, which suggests that the Ne has a broader significance than just error detection.

中文翻译：

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正确试验中的错误否定性：对可用数据的重新检查

错误负性，即受试者在选择反应时间 (RT) 任务中犯错误时观察到的 EEG 波，通常被认为是错误检测的标志。最近，关于正确反应的类 Ne 波的报道确实挑战了这种解释。然而，有人提出，这些 Ne 样波要么是由刺激锁定活动对响应锁定活动的人为污染造成的，要么来自对 RT 期间时间流逝的隐式监测。我们的目的是重新处理已发表的数据：（1）比较正确试验中 EMG 锁定和刺激锁定 ERP 的形状和幅度，以及（2）比较快速获得的 EMG 锁定 Ne 样波的大小和缓慢的试验。结果既不支持伪影假设也不支持 RT 监测假设。所以，