ABSTRACT According to most models of language production, to name a picture one must first map semantic features onto lexical items. Even if both sets of representations are intact, problems in mapping semantic to lexical representations can impair production. Individuals with this problem, sometimes referred to as “access deficit”, often demonstrate evidence of preserved semantic knowledge (e.g., good comprehension), increased rate of lexical (usually semantic) errors in production, and inconsistent accuracy on naming the same picture on different occasions. In this paper, I argue that access deficit can have two distinct etiologies. I will present a case of double dissociation between two individuals with chronic post-stroke aphasia, one of whom shows a profile compatible with impaired activation of the target lexical item from semantic features (activation deficit), while the other shows a profile compatible with impaired inhibition of competing lexical items (inhibition deficit). These results have three key implications: (a) they provide support for the theoretical separation between activation and selection processes in computational models of word production, (b) they point to the critical role of inhibitory control in lexical selection, and (c) they invite a closer inspection of the origin of semantic errors in individuals with access deficit in order to choose the best treatment option.

中文翻译：

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访问缺陷中语义错误的双重起源：激活与抑制缺陷

摘要 根据大多数语言生成模型，要命名图片必须首先将语义特征映射到词汇项上。即使两组表示都是完整的，将语义映射到词汇表示的问题也会影响生产。有这个问题的人，有时被称为“访问缺陷”，通常表现出保留语义知识的证据（例如，良好的理解力），生产中词汇（通常是语义）错误率增加，以及在不同的环境中命名相同图片的准确性不一致。场合。在本文中，我认为访问不足可能有两种不同的病因。我将介绍两个患有慢性中风后失语症的人之间的双重分离案例，其中一个显示与语义特征（激活缺陷）的目标词汇项的激活受损兼容的配置文件，而另一个显示与竞争词汇项的受损抑制（抑制缺陷）兼容的配置文件。这些结果具有三个关键意义：（a）它们为单词生成计算模型中激活和选择过程之间的理论分离提供了支持，（b）它们指出了抑制控制在词汇选择中的关键作用，以及（c）它们邀请更仔细地检查访问缺陷个体语义错误的起源，以便选择最佳治疗方案。