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Biomarkers of cereal food intake.
Genes and Nutrition ( IF 3.5 ) Pub Date : 2019-10-12 , DOI: 10.1186/s12263-019-0651-9
Rikard Landberg 1 , Kati Hanhineva 2 , Kieran Tuohy 3 , Mar Garcia-Aloy 4, 5 , Izabela Biskup 1 , Rafael Llorach 4, 5 , Xiaofei Yin 6 , Lorraine Brennan 6 , Marjukka Kolehmainen 2
Affiliation  

Background/objectives Cereal foods are major contributors to the daily energy, protein, and dietary fiber intake all over the world. The role of cereals in human health is dependent on whether they are consumed as refined or whole grain and on cereal species. To unravel the underlying mechanisms of health effects attributed to specific cereal foods and to provide more precise dietary advice, there is a need for improved dietary assessment of whole-grain intake. Dietary biomarkers of specific cereals, different fractions or cereal-containing foods could offer such a possibility. The aim of this review was to summarize the current status on biomarkers of different cereals, fractions, and specific cereal foods. Subjects and methods A literature review was conducted and putative biomarkers of different cereals and pseudo-cereals (wheat, oats, rye, barley, rice, and quinoa) as well as for different grain fractions (whole grain, refined grain, bran) and foods were summarized and discussed. Results Several putative biomarkers have been suggested for different cereals, due to their unique presence in these grains. Among the biomarkers, odd-numbered alkylresorcinols are the most well-studied and -evaluated biomarkers and reflect whole-grain wheat and rye intake. Even-numbered alkylresorcinols have been suggested to reflect quinoa intake. Recent studies have also highlighted the potential of avenanthramides and avenacosides as specific biomarkers of oat intake, and a set of biomarkers have been suggested to reflect rice bran intake. However, there are yet no specific biomarkers of refined grains. Most biomarker candidates remain to be evaluated in controlled interventions and free-living populations before applied as biomarkers of intake in food and health studies. Conclusion Several putative biomarkers of different cereals have been suggested and should be validated in human studies using recently developed food intake biomarker validation criteria.

中文翻译:

谷物食物摄入的生物标志物。

背景/目标 谷物食品是全世界每日能量、蛋白质和膳食纤维摄入量的主要贡献者。谷物在人类健康中的作用取决于它们是作为精制谷物还是全谷物食用,以及谷物种类。为了揭示特定谷物食品对健康影响的潜在机制并提供更准确的饮食建议,需要改进对全谷物摄入量的饮食评估。特定谷物、不同部分或含谷物食品的膳食生物标志物可以提供这种可能性。本综述的目的是总结不同谷物、部分和特定谷物食品的生物标志物的现状。主题和方法 进行了文献综述,并推定了不同谷物和伪谷物(小麦、燕麦、黑麦、大麦、大米和藜麦)以及不同的谷物成分(全谷物、精制谷物、麸皮)和食品进行了总结和讨论。结果由于它们在这些谷物中的独特存在,已经为不同的谷物提出了几种推定的生物标志物。在生物标志物中,奇数烷基间苯二酚是研究和评估最多的生物标志物,反映了全麦小麦和黑麦的摄入量。建议使用偶数烷基间苯二酚来反映藜麦的摄入量。最近的研究还强调了燕麦酰胺和燕麦苷作为燕麦摄入量的特定生物标志物的潜力,并且已经提出了一组生物标志物来反映米糠摄入量。然而,目前还没有精制谷物的特定生物标志物。大多数候选生物标志物在用作食品和健康研究中摄入的生物标志物之前,仍有待在受控干预和自由生活人群中进行评估。结论 已经提出了几种不同谷物的推定生物标志物,应该使用最近开发的食物摄入生物标志物验证标准在人体研究中进行验证。
更新日期:2020-04-22
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