16S rRNA gene profiling is a powerful method for characterizing microbial communities; however, no universal primer pair can target all bacteria and archaea, resulting in different primer pairs which may impact the diversity profile obtained. Here, we evaluated three pairs of high-throughput sequencing primers for characterizing archaeal communities from deep-sea sediments and permafrost soils. The results show that primer pair Arch519/Arch915 (V4–V5 regions) produced the highest alpha diversity estimates, followed by Arch349f/Arch806r (V3–V4 regions) and A751f/AU1204r (V5–V7 regions) in both sample types. The archaeal taxonomic compositions and the relative abundance estimates of archaeal communities are influenced by the primer pairs. Beta diversity of the archaeal community detected by the three primer pairs reveals that primer pairs Arch349f/Arch806r and Arch519f/Arch915r are biased toward detection of Halobacteriales, Methanobacteriales and MBG-E/Hydrothermarchaeota, whereas the primer pairs Arch519f/Arch915r and A751f/UA1204r are biased to detect MBG-B/Lokiarchaeota, and the primers pairs Arch349f/Arch806r and A751f/UA1204r are biased to detect Methanomicrobiales and Methanosarcinales. The data suggest that the alpha and beta diversities of archaeal communities as well as the community compositions are influenced by the primer pair choice. This finding provides researchers with valuable experimental insight for selection of appropriate archaeal primer pairs to characterize archaeal communities.

中文翻译：

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三种古细菌引物对在深海沉积物和多年冻土中探索古细菌群落的比较评估。

16S rRNA基因谱分析是表征微生物群落的有力方法。但是，没有通用引物对可以靶向所有细菌和古细菌，导致引物对不同，这可能会影响获得的多样性。在这里，我们评估了三对高通量测序引物，用于表征深海沉积物和多年冻土中的古细菌群落。结果表明，在两种样品类型中，引物对Arch519 / Arch915（V4-V5区域）产生的α多样性最高，其次是Arch349f / Arch806r（V3-V4区域）和A751f / AU1204r（V5-V7区域）。引物对影响古细菌的分类学组成和古细菌群落的相对丰度估计。通过三个引物对检测到的古细菌群落的Beta多样性表明，引物对Arch349f / Arch806r和Arch519f / Arch915r偏向于检出嗜盐细菌，甲烷细菌和MBG-E / Hydrothermarchaeota，而引物对Arch519f / Arch915r和A751f / UA1204r是偏向于检测MBG-B / Lokiarchaeota，而引物对Arch349f / Arch806r和A751f / UA1204r偏向于检测甲烷微生物和甲烷菌。数据表明，古细菌群落的α和β多样性以及群落组成受引物对选择的影响。这一发现为研究人员提供了宝贵的实验见识，帮助他们选择合适的古细菌引物对来表征古细菌群落。甲烷细菌和MBG-E / Hydrothermarchaeota，而引物对Arch519f / Arch915r和A751f / UA1204r有偏向以检测MBG-B / Lokiarchaeota，引物对Arch349f / Arch806r和A751f / UA1204r有偏向以检测甲甲烷和甲虫。数据表明，古细菌群落的α和β多样性以及群落组成受引物对选择的影响。这一发现为研究人员提供了宝贵的实验见识，帮助他们选择合适的古细菌引物对来表征古细菌群落。甲烷细菌和MBG-E / Hydrothermarchaeota，而引物对Arch519f / Arch915r和A751f / UA1204r有偏向以检测MBG-B / Lokiarchaeota，引物对Arch349f / Arch806r和A751f / UA1204r有偏向以检测甲甲烷和甲藻。数据表明，古细菌群落的α和β多样性以及群落组成受引物对选择的影响。这一发现为研究人员提供了宝贵的实验见识，帮助他们选择合适的古细菌引物对来表征古细菌群落。数据表明，古细菌群落的α和β多样性以及群落组成受引物对选择的影响。这一发现为研究人员提供了宝贵的实验见识，帮助他们选择合适的古细菌引物对来表征古细菌群落。数据表明，古细菌群落的α和β多样性以及群落组成受引物对选择的影响。这一发现为研究人员提供了宝贵的实验见识，帮助他们选择合适的古细菌引物对来表征古细菌群落。