The Czech Republic occupies the first place in the world in the frequency of renal and other urinary tract tumours, but their aetiology is unknown. To explore whether carcinogenic and nephrotoxic mycotoxins may contribute to kidney diseases in the Czech population, biomarkers of ochratoxin A (OTA) and citrinin (CIT) exposure were determined in biological specimens from a cohort of 50 patients with malignant renal tumours. Biomarker analyses in blood and urine samples used validated targeted methods for measuring OTA and CIT plus dihydrocitrinone (DH-CIT) after enrichment of analytes by specific immunoaffinity clean-up. OTA and CIT plus its metabolite DH-CIT were frequently detected in patient urine samples (OTA 62%; CIT 91%; DH-CIT 100%). The concentration ranges in urine were 1–27.8 ng/L for OTA, 2–87 ng/L for CIT and 2–160 ng/L for DH-CIT. The analyses of blood samples revealed also a frequent co-occurrence of OTA and CIT, in the ranges of 40–870 ng/L serum for OTA and 21–182 ng/L plasma for CIT. This first analysis of biomarkers in blood and urine samples of Czech patients revealed no major differences in comparison with published data for the general healthy Czech and European populations. Nonetheless, a frequent co-occurrence of CIT and OTA biomarkers in patient samples may be of interest with regard to potential interactions with other risk factors for renal disease.

中文翻译：

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肾肿瘤患者队列中肾毒性真菌毒素暴露的生物标志物分析。

捷克共和国在肾脏和其他泌尿道肿瘤的发生频率上居世界首位，但其病因尚不清楚。为了探讨致癌性和肾毒性霉菌毒素是否可能导致捷克人群的肾脏疾病，在一组50例患有恶性肾肿瘤的患者的生物样本中确定了to曲霉毒素A（OTA）和citrinin（CIT）的生物标志物。血液和尿液样品中的生物标志物分析使用经过验证的靶向方法，用于通过特异性免疫亲和纯化富集分析物后，测量OTA和CIT加上二氢西可酮（DH-CIT）。在患者尿液样本中经常检测到OTA和CIT及其代谢产物DH-CIT（OTA 62％； CIT 91％； DH-CIT 100％）。OTA的尿液浓度范围为1–27.8 ng / L，CIT的浓度范围为2–87 ng / L，DH-CIT的浓度范围为2–160 ng / L。血液样本分析还显示，OTA和CIT经常同时出现，OTA血清浓度为40–870 ng / L，CIT血浆浓度为21–182 ng / L。捷克患者血液和尿液样本中的生物标志物的首次分析显示，与捷克和欧洲一般健康人群的公开数据相比，没有重大差异。尽管如此，关于与肾脏疾病其他危险因素的潜在相互作用，患者样品中CIT和OTA生物标志物的频繁共存可能是令人感兴趣的。捷克患者血液和尿液样本中的生物标志物的首次分析显示，与捷克和欧洲一般健康人群的公开数据相比，没有重大差异。尽管如此，关于与肾脏疾病其他危险因素的潜在相互作用，患者样品中CIT和OTA生物标志物的频繁共存可能是令人感兴趣的。捷克患者血液和尿液样本中的生物标记物的首次分析显示，与捷克和欧洲一般健康人群的公开数据相比，没有重大差异。尽管如此，关于与肾脏疾病其他危险因素的潜在相互作用，患者样品中CIT和OTA生物标志物的频繁共存可能是令人感兴趣的。