Background Despite several studies on the prevalence and pattern of substance use in Nigeria, there is little information on substance use in patients diagnosed with serious mental illness (SMI) such as schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder (BD). Aim The aim of the study was to compare the pattern of psychoactive substance use among outpatients with BD and schizophrenia. Setting The study was conducted in a neuropsychiatric hospital in Nigeria. Methods Seventy five consecutive patients with a MINI-PLUS diagnosis of BD were compared with an equal number of patients obtained by systematic random sampling with a MINI-PLUS diagnosis of schizophrenia. Results The respondents with schizophrenia were aged 18–59 years (37.2 ± 9.99) and were predominantly young adult (49, 65.3%), men (46, 61.3%), who were never married (38, 50.7%). Overall, lifetime drug use prevalence was 52%, while for current use, overall prevalence was 21.3%. Participants with BD were aged 18–63 years (36.7 ± 10.29) and were predominantly young adult (53, 70.7%), women (44, 58.7%), who were married (32, 42.7%), with tertiary education (31, 41.3%). Overall, lifetime drug use prevalence was 46.7%, while current overall prevalence was 17.3%. These rates (lifetime and current) for both diagnostic groups are higher than what was reported by the World Health Organization in the global status report of 2014 (0% – 16%). The statistically significant difference between the two diagnostic groups was related to their sociodemographic and clinical variables and psychoactive substance use. Conclusion Psychoactive substance use remains a burden in the care of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and BD. Future policies should incorporate routine screening for substance use at the outpatient department with a view to stemming the tide of this menace.

中文翻译：

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严重精神疾病门诊患者的精神活性物质使用：一项比较研究。

背景 尽管对尼日利亚的物质使用流行率和模式进行了几项研究，但关于被诊断患有严重精神疾病（SMI）如精神分裂症和双相情感障碍（BD）的患者的物质使用信息很少。目的 本研究的目的是比较 BD 和精神分裂症门诊患者的精神活性物质使用模式。设置 该研究在尼日利亚的一家神经精神病医院进行。方法 将 75 名 MINI-PLUS 诊断为 BD 的连续患者与通过系统随机抽样获得的相同数量的 MINI-PLUS 诊断为精神分裂症的患者进行比较。结果 精神分裂症患者的年龄在 18-59 岁（37.2 ± 9.99）之间，主要是年轻人（49, 65.3%），男性（46, 61.3%），从未结婚（38, 50.7%）。总体，终生吸毒流行率为 52%，而目前吸毒的总体流行率为 21.3%。BD 参与者的年龄为 18-63 岁 (36.7 ± 10.29)，主要是年轻人 (53, 70.7%)、女性 (44, 58.7%)、已婚 (32, 42.7%)、受过高等教育 (31, 41.3%）。总体而言，终生吸毒流行率为 46.7%，而目前的总体流行率为 17.3%。两个诊断组的这些比率（终身和当前）高于世界卫生组织在 2014 年全球状况报告中报告的比率（0% - 16%）。两个诊断组之间的统计学显着差异与他们的社会人口和临床变量以及精神活性物质的使用有关。结论 精神活性物质的使用仍然是诊断为精神分裂症和 BD 患者的护理负担。