Hydrogels from different materials can be used in biomedical field as an innovative approach in regenerative medicine. Depending on the origin source, hydrogels can be synthetized through chemical and physical methods. Hydrogel can be characterized through several physical parameters, such as size, elastic modulus, swelling and degradation rate. Lately, research is focused on hydrogels derived from biologic materials. These hydrogels can be derived from protein polymers, such as collage, elastin, and polysaccharide polymers like glycosaminoglycans or alginate among others. Introduction of decellularized tissues into hydrogels synthesis displays several advantages compared to natural or synthetic based hydrogels. Preservation of natural molecules such as growth factors, glycans, bioactive cryptic peptides and natural proteins can promote cell growth, function, differentiation, angiogenesis, anti-angiogenesis, antimicrobial effects, and chemotactic effects. Versatility of hydrogels make possible multiple applications and combinations with several molecules on order to obtain the adequate characteristic for each scope. In this context, a lot of molecules such as cross link agents, drugs, grow factors or cells can be used. This review focuses on the recent progress of hydrogels synthesis and applications in order to classify the most recent and relevant matters in biomedical field.

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再生医学应用天然水凝胶概述。

来自不同材料的水凝胶可作为再生医学的创新方法用于生物医学领域。根据来源，水凝胶可以通过化学和物理方法合成。水凝胶可以通过几个物理参数来表征，例如尺寸、弹性模量、膨胀和降解率。最近，研究重点是源自生物材料的水凝胶。这些水凝胶可以衍生自蛋白质聚合物，例如胶原蛋白、弹性蛋白和多糖聚合物，例如糖胺聚糖或藻酸盐等。与天然或合成水凝胶相比，将脱细胞组织引入水凝胶合成中显示出多种优势。保存生长因子、聚糖、生物活性隐肽和天然蛋白质等天然分子可以促进细胞生长、功能、分化、血管生成、抗血管生成、抗菌作用和趋化作用。水凝胶的多功能性使得多种应用和与多个分子的组合成为可能，以获得每个范围的足够特性。在这种情况下，可以使用许多分子，例如交联剂、药物、生长因子或细胞。本文重点介绍水凝胶合成和应用的最新进展，以便对生物医学领域的最新相关问题进行分类。