A crescendo of incidents have raised concerns about whether scientific practices in psychology may be suboptimal, sometimes leading to the publication, dissemination, and application of unreliable or misinterpreted findings. Psychology has been a leader in identifying possibly suboptimal practices and proposing reforms that might enhance the efficiency of the scientific process and the publication of robust evidence and interpretations. To help shape future efforts, this paper offers a model of the psychological and socio-structural forces and processes that may influence scientists’ practices. The model identifies practices targeted by interventions and reforms, and which practices remain unaddressed. The model also suggests directions for empirical research to assess how best to enhance the effectiveness of psychological inquiry.

中文翻译：

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科学实践的社会心理模型：解释研究实践并概述成功改革的潜力

越来越多的事件引发了人们的担忧，即心理学的科学实践是否可能不够理想，有时会导致不可靠或误解的研究结果的出版、传播和应用。心理学在识别可能的次优实践并提出改革建议方面一直处于领先地位，这些改革可能会提高科学过程的效率以及公布强有力的证据和解释。为了帮助塑造未来的努力，本文提供了可能影响科学家实践的心理和社会结构力量和过程的模型。该模型确定了干预和改革的目标实践，以及哪些实践尚未得到解决。该模型还为实证研究提供了方向，以评估如何最好地提高心理探究的有效性。