Abiotic stress including extreme temperature disturbs the plant cellular homeostasis consequently limiting the yield potential of crop plants. Heat shock proteins (Hsps) are part of major rescue machinery of plants which aid to combat these stressed conditions by re-establishing protein homeostasis. Hsps with their chaperone and co-chaperone mechanisms regulate the activity of their substrate proteins in an ATP-dependent manner. In the present investigation, a genome-wide identification, evolutionary relationship, and comprehensive expression analysis of Hsp70, Hsp90, and Hsp100 gene families have been done in barley. The barley genome possesses 13 members of the Hsp70 gene family, along with 4 members of the Hsp110 subfamily, and 6 members of Hsp90 and 8 members of the Hsp100 gene family. Hsp genes are distributed on all 7 chromosomes of barley, and their encoded protein members are predicted to be localized to cell organelles such as cytosol, mitochondria, chloroplast, and ER. Despite a larger genome size, there are lesser members of these Hsp genes in barley, owing to less duplication events. The variable expression pattern obtained for genes encoding proteins localized to the same subcellular compartment suggests their diverse roles and involvement in different cellular responses. Expression profiling of these genes was performed by qRT-PCR in an array of 32 tissues, which showed a differential and tissue-specific expression of various members of Hsp gene families. We found the upregulation of HvHspc70-4, HvHsp70Mt70-2, HvHspc70-5a, HvHspc70-5b, HvHspc70-N1, HvHspc70-N2, HvHsp110-3, HvHsp90-1, HvHsp100-1, and HvHsp100-2 upon exposure to heat stress during reproductive development. Furthermore, their higher expression during heat stress, heavy metal stress, drought, and salinity stress was also observed in a tissue-specific manner.

中文翻译：

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在压力条件下和生殖发育下大麦中Hsp70，Hsp90和Hsp100热休克蛋白基因的全基因组鉴定和表达分析。

非生物胁迫（包括极端温度）扰乱了植物细胞的体内平衡，因此限制了农作物的产量潜力。热休克蛋白（Hsps）是植物主要救援机械的一部分，可通过重新建立蛋白质体内平衡来帮助应对这些压力条件。Hsps的分子伴侣和伴侣分子机制以ATP依赖性方式调节其底物蛋白的活性。在本研究中，已经在大麦中进行了Hsp70，Hsp90和Hsp100基因家族的全基因组鉴定，进化关系和综合表达分析。大麦基因组拥有Hsp70基因家族的13个成员，以及Hsp110的4个成员亚家族，以及Hsp90的6个成员和Hsp100基因家族的8个成员。Hsp基因分布在大麦的所有7条染色体上，其编码的蛋白质成员预计位于细胞器，例如胞质溶胶，线粒体，叶绿体和ER。尽管基因组较大，但由于重复事件较少，大麦中这些Hsp基因的成员较少。从编码位于同一亚细胞区室的蛋白质的基因获得的可变表达模式表明它们的不同作用和参与不同的细胞反应。这些基因的表达谱通过qRT-PCR在32个组织的阵列中进行，显示了Hsp各种成员的差异表达和组织特异性表达基因家族。我们发现的上调HvHspc70-4，HvHsp70Mt70-2，HvHspc70- 5A，HvHspc70-5b，HvHspc70-N1，HvHspc70-N2，HvHsp110-3，HvHsp90-1，HvHsp100-1和HvHsp100-2暴露于热应激在生殖发育过程中。此外，还以组织特异性方式观察到它们在热胁迫，重金属胁迫，干旱和盐度胁迫期间的更高表达。