Sex is an important factor to consider when evaluating memory with older adults. This present study aimed to examine sex differences in memory within a clinical sample of older adults (N = 1084). Raw learning and recall scores on the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test, Revised (HVLT-R) and Brief Visuospatial Memory Test, Revised (BVMT-R) were compared between sexes within the entire sample and cohorts stratified by age. Within the entire sample, women outperformed men in HVLT-R learning and recall, and there were no sex differences in BVMT-R performance. These sex differences, however, were absent or reversed for those with impaired HVLT-R performance and functional deficits, indicating that women retain an early advantage in verbal memory, which is lost with greater indication of disease severity. These findings indicate that women retain an advantage in verbal learning and memory, at least before significant levels of impairment, within a sample of older adults seen at an outpatient neurology clinic, which may have implications for diagnosing memory disorders.

中文翻译：

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性别差异对老年人临床样本中的学习与记忆解释的影响。

在评估老年人的记忆力时，性别是要考虑的重要因素。本研究旨在检查老年人临床样本中的记忆性别差异（N = 1084）。比较了整个样本中的性别和按年龄分层的同类人群中的霍普金斯言语学习测验（修订版）（HVLT-R）和简短视觉空间记忆测验（修订版）的原始学习和回忆得分。在整个样本中，女性在HVLT-R学习和记忆方面的表现优于男性，并且BVMT-R的表现没有性别差异。然而，对于那些患有HVLT-R表现和功能缺陷的人，这些性别差异是不存在的或逆转的，这表明女性在口头记忆方面保留了早期优势，而这种优势随着疾病严重程度的增加而消失了。