Hematopoiesis is a complex process with a variety of different signaling pathways influencing every step of blood cell formation from the earliest precursors to final differentiated blood cell types. Formation of blood cells is crucial for survival. Blood cells carry oxygen, promote organ development and protect organs in different pathological conditions. Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) are responsible for generating all adult differentiated blood cells. Defects in HSPCs or their downstream lineages can lead to anemia and other hematological disorders including leukemia. The zebrafish has recently emerged as a powerful vertebrate model system to study hematopoiesis. The developmental processes and molecular mechanisms involved in zebrafish hematopoiesis are conserved with higher vertebrates, and the genetic and experimental accessibility of the fish and the optical transparency of its embryos and larvae make it ideal for in vivo analysis of hematopoietic development. Defects in zebrafish hematopoiesis reliably phenocopy human blood disorders, making it a highly attractive model system to screen small molecules to design therapeutic strategies. In this review, we summarize the key developmental processes and molecular mechanisms of zebrafish hematopoiesis. We also discuss recent findings highlighting the strengths of zebrafish as a model system for drug discovery against hematopoietic disorders.

中文翻译：

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斑马鱼：造血系统发育和疾病的理想模型。

造血是一个复杂的过程，具有多种不同的信号通路，影响着从最早的前体到最终分化的血细胞类型的血细胞形成的每个步骤。血细胞的形成对于生存至关重要。血细胞携带氧气，促进器官发育并在不同病理条件下保护器官。造血干细胞和祖细胞（HSPC）负责生成所有成人分化的血细胞。HSPC或其下游谱系中的缺陷可能导致贫血和其他血液系统疾病，包括白血病。斑马鱼最近已成为研究造血功能的强大脊椎动物模型系统。斑马鱼造血功能涉及的发育过程和分子机制在高级脊椎动物中得到了保留，鱼类的遗传和实验可及性以及其胚胎和幼虫的透光性使其成为体内分析造血过程的理想选择。斑马鱼造血系统的缺陷可靠地反映了人类血液疾病的表型，使其成为筛选小分子以设计治疗策略的极具吸引力的模型系统。在这篇综述中，我们总结了斑马鱼造血的关键发育过程和分子机制。我们还讨论了最近的发现，突出了斑马鱼作为针对造血系统疾病的药物发现模型系统的优势。使其成为筛选小分子以设计治疗策略的极具吸引力的模型系统。在这篇综述中，我们总结了斑马鱼造血的关键发育过程和分子机制。我们还讨论了最近的发现，突出了斑马鱼作为针对造血系统疾病的药物发现模型系统的优势。使其成为筛选小分子以设计治疗策略的极具吸引力的模型系统。在这篇综述中，我们总结了斑马鱼造血的关键发育过程和分子机制。我们还讨论了最近的发现，突出了斑马鱼作为针对造血系统疾病的药物发现模型系统的优势。