With the growing number of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ruptures and the increased interest for regenerative medicine procedures, many studies are now concentrated on developing bioactive and biodegradable synthetic ligaments. For this application, the choice of raw materials with appropriate physicochemical characteristics and long-term degradation features is essential. Polycaprolactone (PCL) has the advantage of slow degradation that depends on its molecular weight. This study evaluates two PCL materials: a technical grade (PC60: 60 kDa) versus a medical grade (PC12: 80 kDa), both before and after functionalization with poly(sodium styrene sulfonate) (pNaSS). After determining the grafting process had little to no effect on the PCL physicochemical properties, sheep ACL fibroblast responses were investigated. The PC12 films induced a significantly lower expression of the tumor necrosis factor alpha inflammatory gene compared to the PC60 films. Both film types induced an overproduction of fibroblast growth factor-2 and transforming growth factor beta compared to the controls on day 5 and demonstrated collagen gene expression profiles similar to the controls on day 7. Upon protein adsorption, pNaSS grafting caused a rapid cell adhesion in the first 30 min and an increased adhesion strength (1.5-fold higher). Moreover, after 7 days, an increase in cell density and actin network development were noted on the grafted films.

中文翻译：

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分析被生物活性聚（苯乙烯磺酸钠）聚合物功能化的不同分子量的聚己内酯薄膜上接种的前交叉韧带成纤维细胞的早期细胞反应。

随着前交叉韧带（ACL）破裂的数量不断增加，以及对再生医学手术的兴趣日益增加，许多研究现在集中在开发生物活性和可生物降解的合成韧带上。对于此应用，必须选择具有适当理化特性和长期降解特性的原材料。聚己内酯（PCL）具有慢降解的优势，这取决于其分子量。这项研究评估了两种PCL材料：在用聚苯乙烯磺酸钠（pNaSS）功能化之前和之后的技术级（PC60：60 kDa）与医用级（PC12：80 kDa）。在确定接枝过程对PCL的理化性质影响很小甚至没有影响之后，研究了绵羊ACL成纤维细胞的反应。与PC60膜相比，PC12膜诱导了肿瘤坏死因子α炎症基因的表达明显降低。与第5天的对照组相比，这两种膜类型均诱导了成纤维细胞生长因子2和转化生长因子β的过量生产，并显示出与第7天的对照组相似的胶原基因表达谱。在蛋白质吸附后，pNaSS嫁接导致了细胞的快速粘附。前30分钟，粘合强度增加（提高了1.5倍）。而且，在7天后，在接枝膜上注意到细胞密度和肌动蛋白网络发育的增加。与第5天的对照组相比，这两种膜类型均诱导了成纤维细胞生长因子2和转化生长因子β的过量生产，并显示出与第7天的对照组相似的胶原基因表达谱。在蛋白质吸附后，pNaSS嫁接导致了细胞的快速粘附。前30分钟，粘合强度增加（提高了1.5倍）。而且，在7天后，在接枝膜上注意到细胞密度和肌动蛋白网络发育的增加。与第5天的对照组相比，这两种膜类型均诱导了成纤维细胞生长因子2和转化生长因子β的过量生产，并显示出与第7天的对照组相似的胶原基因表达谱。在蛋白质吸附后，pNaSS嫁接导致了细胞的快速粘附。前30分钟，粘合强度增加（提高了1.5倍）。而且，在7天后，在接枝膜上注意到细胞密度和肌动蛋白网络发育的增加。