Interleukin-37 (IL-37) is a newly introduced cytokine to interleukin-1 family. Many studies have demonstrated that IL-37 owns immunosuppressive effects against both innate and acquired immune responses via inhibition of several inflammatory mediators. Thence, IL-37 has anti-inflammatory action in some diseases including cancer, autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular diseases and infectious diseases. Recent investigations have reported the important role of IL-37 in immunity against viral, bacterial and fungal infections as they prevent inappropriate immune activation and suppress the inflammation induced by these infectious agents. Thus, IL-37 could play a crucial role in protecting host tissues from injury during infections by damping excessive inflammatory reactions. However, the precise roles of IL-37 in infectious diseases remain largely unknown. The current review shed light on the pivotal role of IL-37 in infectious diseases such as the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1), viral myocarditis, hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), tuberculosis, leprosy, pneumococcal pneumonia, listeria infection, aspergillosis, candidiasis and eumycetoma. In conclusion, this review reported that IL-37 has a crucial role in reducing infection-associated inflammation and has a good impact on inflammation-induced pathology. However, tight regulation that achieved balance between effector immune responses that required for pathogen elimination and limited tissue damage that resulted from excessive inflammation should be existed in the potential IL-37 therapy to prevent clinical complications of a disease.

中文翻译：

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白介素37在传染病中的潜在作用。

白介素37（IL-37）是白介素1家族新引入的细胞因子。许多研究表明，IL-37通过抑制几种炎症介质，具有针对先天和后天免疫应答的免疫抑制作用。因此，IL-37在某些疾病（包括癌症，自身免疫性疾病，心血管疾病和传染性疾病）中具有抗炎作用。最近的研究报道了IL-37在抵抗病毒，细菌和真菌感染的免疫中的重要作用，因为它们可以防止不适当的免疫激活并抑制由这些传染原引起的炎症。因此，IL-37可以通过抑制过度的炎症反应在感染过程中保护宿主组织免受损伤中发挥关键作用。但是，IL-37在传染病中的确切作用仍然未知。当前的评论阐明了IL-37在诸如人类免疫缺陷病毒1（HIV-1），病毒性心肌炎，丙型肝炎病毒（HCV），乙型肝炎病毒（HBV），结核病，麻风病等传染病中的关键作用，肺炎球菌性肺炎，李斯特菌感染，曲霉病，念珠菌病和杜仲。总之，该评价报告说IL-37在减少感染相关的炎症中起关键作用，并且对炎症诱发的病理学具有良好的影响。但是，在潜在的IL-37疗法中应存在严格的调节措施，以实现病原体消除所需的效应子免疫反应与过度炎症引起的有限组织损伤之间的平衡，以预防疾病的临床并发症。