Experiences influence the development of the central nervous system. Cognitive training promotes changes in the structure of the brain, such as in its weight and number of cells, as well as ability to perform dendritic remodeling. The present study was designed to detect possible differences in the neuronal morphology of the dorsal hippocampus between female and male Long-Evans rats after cognitive training (CT). CT was promoted through three learning and memory tests: the Morris water maze, the Barnes circular maze, and Novel object recognition tests. Our data revealed no differences in learning or memory capacities between female and male rats; rats of the two sexes solved the behavioral test with equal efficiency. CT caused an increase in the basilar and apical dendritic arborization of CA1 neurons in male rats, whereas female rats that underwent CT presented only remodeling in the apical arbors of CA1 neurons. The basilar arbors of CA3 neurons of female rats showed an increase in arborization, but their apical arbors were not modified; the arbors of CA3 neurons of male rats submitted to CT were not modified. Total dendritic length was modified by CT in the apical arbors of CA1 neurons of female and male rats and in the basilar CA1 arbors of male rats. There was a significant increase in dendritic spine density in all arbors of CA1 and CA3 neurons of females and males subjected to CT. These results suggest that dendritic remodeling after CT is similar between female and male rats.

中文翻译：

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认知训练增加了雌性和雄性 Long-Evans 大鼠海马背侧 CA1 和 CA3 神经元的树突分支。

经验影响中枢神经系统的发育。认知训练促进大脑结构的变化，例如其重量和细胞数量，以及进行树突重塑的能力。本研究旨在检测认知训练 (CT) 后雌性和雄性 Long-Evans 大鼠背海马神经元形态的可能差异。CT 通过三个学习和记忆测试得到提升：莫里斯水迷宫、巴恩斯圆形迷宫和新奇物体识别测试。我们的数据显示雌性和雄性大鼠的学习或记忆能力没有差异；两种性别的大鼠以相同的效率解决了行为测试。CT导致雄性大鼠CA1神经元的基底和顶端树突分支增加，而接受 CT 的雌性大鼠仅表现出 CA1 神经元顶端乔木的重塑。雌性大鼠CA3神经元基底乔木呈树枝状分布增加，但顶端乔木未发生改变；提交CT的雄性大鼠CA3神经元的乔木没有被修改。CT改变雌性和雄性大鼠CA1神经元顶端乔木和雄性大鼠基底CA1乔木的总树突长度。接受CT的雌性和雄性CA1和CA3神经元的所有乔木中树突棘密度均显着增加。这些结果表明，雌性和雄性大鼠 CT 后的树突重塑相似。但它们的顶端乔木没有被改造；提交CT的雄性大鼠CA3神经元的乔木没有被修改。CT改变雌性和雄性大鼠CA1神经元顶端乔木和雄性大鼠基底CA1乔木的总树突长度。接受CT的雌性和雄性CA1和CA3神经元的所有乔木中树突棘密度均显着增加。这些结果表明，雌性和雄性大鼠 CT 后的树突重塑相似。但它们的顶端乔木没有被改造；提交CT的雄性大鼠CA3神经元的乔木没有被修改。CT改变雌性和雄性大鼠CA1神经元顶端乔木和雄性大鼠基底CA1乔木的总树突长度。接受CT检查的雌性和雄性CA1和CA3神经元的所有乔木中树突棘密度均显着增加。这些结果表明，雌性和雄性大鼠 CT 后的树突重塑相似。接受CT的雌性和雄性CA1和CA3神经元的所有乔木中树突棘密度均显着增加。这些结果表明，雌性和雄性大鼠 CT 后的树突重塑相似。接受CT的雌性和雄性CA1和CA3神经元的所有乔木中树突棘密度均显着增加。这些结果表明，雌性和雄性大鼠 CT 后的树突重塑相似。