With the advent of the concept of dominant tolerance and the subsequent discovery of CD4⁺ regulatory T cells expressing the transcription factor FOXP3 (Tregs), almost all productive as well as nonproductive immune responses can be compartmentalized to a binary of immune effector T cells and immune regulatory Treg populations. A beneficial immune response warrants the timely regulation by Tregs, whereas a nonproductive immune response indicates insufficient effector functions or an outright failure of tolerance. There are ample reports supporting role of Tregs in suppressing spontaneous auto-immune diseases as well as promoting immune evasion by cancers. To top up their importance, several non-immune functions like tissue homeostasis and regeneration are also being attributed to Tregs. Hence, after being in the center stage of basic and translational immunological research, Tregs are making the next jump towards clinical studies. Therefore, newer small molecules, biologics as well as adoptive cell therapy (ACT) approaches are being tested to augment or undermine Treg responses in the context of autoimmunity and cancer. In this brief review, we present the strategies to modulate Tregs towards a favorable clinical outcome.

随着主要耐受性概念的出现以及随后对CD4 ^+的发现表达转录因子FOXP3（Tregs）的调节性T细胞，几乎所有的生产性和非生产性免疫应答都可以与免疫效应T细胞和免疫调节性Treg种群的二元区分开。有益的免疫反应可确保由Tregs进行及时调节，而非生产性免疫反应则表明效应子功能不足或耐受性完全丧失。有大量报道支持Treg在抑制自发性自身免疫疾病以及促进癌症的免疫逃逸中的作用。更重要的是，Tregs还具有几种非免疫功能，例如组织稳态和再生。因此，Tregs处于基础和转化免疫学研究的中心阶段之后，正朝着临床研究迈出下一步。因此，正在测试新型小分子，生物制剂以及过继细胞疗法（ACT）的方法，以增强或破坏自身免疫和癌症背景下的Treg反应。在这篇简短的综述中，我们介绍了调节Treg朝着良好的临床结局的策略。