OBJECTIVE  The aim of this study was to document the effects of positive-profile threaded external skeletal fixation (ESF) pin insertion without predrilling on heat generation, structural damage and pullout strength in avian bone than that with predrilling. STUDY DESIGN  This study was an ex vivo study. MATERIALS AND METHODS  Twenty paired tibiotarsi and 40 paired humeri from 20 Mallard duck cadavers were used. Specimens were randomized to have positive-profile threaded ESF pins placed with or without predrilling insertion sites. Heat generation (maximum-baseline temperature) was measured during drilling and pin insertion with infrared thermography. Structural damage (gross trans-cortical damage and thread quality) was evaluated and scored using a visual analog scale (VAS). Mechanical testing was performed to evaluate pullout strength of inserted pins. RESULTS  VAS scores for trans-cortical surfaces were significantly higher than for cis-cortical surfaces; however, no difference was noted between predrilled and non-predrilled specimens. No significant difference in heat generation or pullout strength was noted between pins placed with and without predrilling. CONCLUSION  Pin insertion without predrilling in avian humeri and tibiotarsi does not cause significantly more structural damage or heat generation, or reduced pullout strength, compared with predrilling. Overall, our results indicate that predrilling prior to ESF pin placement provides no obvious advantage in avian bone.

中文翻译：

---

带有和不带有预钻孔的禽骨螺纹骨外固定销的评估。

目的本研究的目的是记录不使用预钻的正剖面螺纹外骨骼固定（ESF）销钉对鸡骨的发热，结构损伤和拔出强度的影响。研究设计本研究为离体研究。材料与方法使用二十对成对的胫骨tar和40对成对的肱骨，分别来自20只野鸭鸭尸体。样本被随机分配为带有正型螺纹的ESF销钉，该销钉带有或不带有预钻孔插入位。在钻孔和销钉插入过程中用红外热像仪测量了发热（最高基线温度）。使用视觉模拟量表（VAS）对结构损伤（经皮皮质损伤和螺纹质量）进行评估和评分。进行机械测试以评估插入销钉的拉拔强度。结果经皮层表面的VAS评分明显高于顺皮层表面；但是，预钻孔和未预钻孔的样品之间没有差异。在预钻和未预钻的情况下，销钉之间的发热或拔出强度没有显着差异。结论与预钻孔相比，未预钻孔的鹰嘴豆肱骨和胫骨tar骨插入针不会引起更多的结构破坏或热量产生，或拉拔强度降低。总体而言，我们的结果表明，在ESF销钉放置之前进行预钻孔在禽骨中没有明显的优势。预钻孔和未预钻孔的样品之间没有差异。在预钻和未预钻的情况下，销钉之间的发热或拔出强度没有显着差异。结论与预钻孔相比，未预钻孔的鹰嘴豆肱骨和胫骨tar插入针不会引起更多的结构损坏或热量产生，或拉拔强度降低。总体而言，我们的结果表明，在ESF销钉放置之前进行预钻孔在禽骨中没有明显的优势。预钻孔和未预钻孔的样品之间没有差异。在预钻和不预钻的情况下，销钉之间的发热或拔出强度没有显着差异。结论与预钻孔相比，未预钻孔的鹰嘴豆肱骨和胫骨tar插入针不会引起更多的结构损坏或热量产生，或拉拔强度降低。总体而言，我们的结果表明，在ESF销钉放置之前进行预钻孔在禽骨中没有明显的优势。与预钻孔相比，抗拉强度降低。总体而言，我们的结果表明，在ESF销钉放置之前进行预钻孔在禽骨中没有明显的优势。与预钻孔相比，抗拉强度降低。总体而言，我们的结果表明，在ESF销钉放置之前进行预钻孔在禽骨中没有明显的优势。