Glucocorticoids (GC) act on multiple organ systems to regulate a variety of physiological processes in vertebrates. Due to their immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory actions, glucocorticoids are an attractive target for pharmaceutical development. Accordingly, they are one of the most widely prescribed classes of therapeutics. Through the classical mechanism of steroid action, glucocorticoids are thought to mainly affect gene transcription, both in a stimulatory and suppressive fashion, regulating de novo protein synthesis that subsequently leads to the physiological response. However, over the past three decades multiple lines of evidence demonstrate that glucocorticoids may work through rapid, nonclassical mechanisms that do not require alterations in gene transcription or translation. This review assimilates evidence across the vertebrate taxa on the diversity of nongenomic actions of glucocorticoids and the membrane-associated cellular mechanisms that may underlie rapid glucocorticoid responses to include potential binding sites characterized to date.

中文翻译：

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非基因组糖皮质激素的作用及其在脊椎动物中的作用机制。

糖皮质激素（GC）作用于多种器官系统，以调节脊椎动物的各种生理过程。由于其免疫抑制和抗炎作用，糖皮质激素是药物开发的有吸引力的靶标。因此，它们是最广泛使用的治疗方法之一。通过类固醇作用的经典机制，糖皮质激素被认为以刺激和抑制方式主要影响基因转录，调节从头蛋白质合成，随后导致生理反应。然而，在过去的三十年中，多种证据表明糖皮质激素可以通过不需要基因转录或翻译改变的快速，非经典机制起作用。