After Johannes Kepler's supposition of inverted and reversed retinal images and Christoph Scheiner's anatomical demonstration of such an inversion, the question arose whether this inversion is necessary and how it is possible to see an upright world based on an inverted image. The answer to this question is commonly attributed to the American psychologist George M. Stratton, who produced, in 1896, upright retinal images by means of lenses and showed that after a phase of inverted perception, upright vision is restored. However, prior to 1886, the Italian philosopher Roberto Ardigò had already performed optical experiments with a prism, obtaining a similar result. The intend of his optical investigation was essentially psychological, in opposition to contemporary physiological approaches. He accepted Hermann von Helmholtz's basic assumptions, but interpreted the results of his experiments in the framework of a more detailed theory of perception. The present article aims to analyze Ardigò's experiments and compare them with Stratton's in order to give them the place they deserve in the history of experimental psychology. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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罗伯托·阿迪戈（RobertoArdigò）是乔治·斯特拉顿（George M. Stratton）倒视实验的先驱。

在约翰内斯·开普勒（Johannes Kepler）对视网膜图像进行倒置和倒置的假设以及克里斯托弗·席纳（Christoph Scheiner）对这种倒置的解剖学证明之后，人们提出了这样的问题，即是否有必要倒置以及如何基于倒置图像看到直立的世界。这个问题的答案通常归因于美国心理学家乔治·斯特拉顿（George M. Stratton），他在1896年通过透镜产生了直立的视网膜图像，并显示出在反转感知阶段之后，直立的视力得以恢复。但是，在1886年之前，意大利哲学家罗伯托·阿迪戈（RobertoArdigò）已经用棱镜进行了光学实验，获得了相似的结果。他的光学研究的意图本质上是心理上的，与当代生理学方法相反。他接受了赫尔曼·冯·亥姆霍兹 的基本假设，但在更详细的感知理论框架内解释了他的实验结果。本文旨在分析Ardigò的实验并将其与Stratton的实验进行比较，以使它们在实验心理学的历史上应有的地位。（PsycINFO数据库记录（c）2019 APA，保留所有权利）。