Aedes aegypti is the major vector of a number of arboviruses that cause disease in humans. Without vaccines or pharmaceuticals, pyrethroid insecticides remain the major tool for public health protection. Pyrethroid resistance is now widespread. Replacement substitutions in the voltage‐gated sodium channel (vgsc) that reduce the stability of pyrethroid binding account for most of the resistance, but metabolic mechanisms also inactivate pyrethroids. High‐throughput sequencing and the A. aegypti L5 annotated physical map has allowed interrogation of the exome for genes and single‐nucleotide polymorphisms associated with pyrethroid resistance. We exposed females of A. aegypti from Mexico to a deltamethrin discriminating dose to designate them as resistant (active after 1 h) or susceptible (knocked down with no recovery after 4 h). The vgsc on chromosome 3 had the highest association, followed by genes proximal to vgsc. We identified potential detoxification genes located singly (eg HPX8C) or within clusters in chromosome 2 [three esterase clusters, two of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYP)] and chromosome 3 (one cluster of 16 CYP325 and seven CYP9 genes). Deltamethrin resistance in A. aegypti is associated with mutations in the vgsc gene and a large assortment of genes.

中文翻译：

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墨西哥伊蚊中溴氰菊酯抗性的全基因组关联。

埃及伊蚊是导致人类疾病的许多虫媒病毒的主要载体。没有疫苗或药品，拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂仍然是公共卫生保护的主要工具。拟除虫菊酯的抗药性现在很普遍。电压门控钠通道（vgsc）中的替代取代降低了拟除虫菊酯结合的稳定性，这是大部分耐药性的原因，但是代谢机制也使拟除虫菊酯失活。高通量测序和A. aegypti L5注释的物理图谱可以查询外显子组中与拟除虫菊酯抗性相关的基因和单核苷酸多态性。我们暴露了埃及伊蚊的雌性从墨西哥使用溴氰菊酯区分剂量，以将其指定为耐药性（1小时后有活性）或易感（击倒4小时后无恢复）。3号染色体上的vgsc具有最高的关联性，其次是vgsc的近端基因。我们确定了潜在的排毒基因（例如HPX8C）或位于2号染色体[三个酯酶簇，两个细胞色素P450单加氧酶（CYP）]和3号染色体的簇中（一个16 CYP325和七个CYP9基因）。埃及曲霉的溴氰菊酯抗性与vgsc基因突变和大量基因相关。