OBJECTIVES First-generation college students commonly experience financial, academic, and personal challenges that are exacerbated by a cultural mismatch between independent university settings and interdependent family environments. There is a paucity of research on the influence of cultural norms, including cultural mismatch, on first-generation college students' coping and help-seeking behaviors. The present research explored how cultural norms affect coping and help seeking for academic, financial, and psychological problems among diverse first-generation college students. METHOD Eleven individual interviews were conducted to obtain pilot data, and 8 group interviews (n = 60) were conducted to examine cultural norms, relational concerns, coping, and social support. These same 71 participants (51% Ethnic Minority; 49% White; 70% female) completed a background survey (e.g., demographics, use of resources, coping, and family obligation). RESULTS Most students were self-reliant and underutilized social support because of concerns about negatively affecting close relationships; these relational concerns included burdening others, being judged by others, and making matters worse. Concerns about face loss and group harmony were heightened among ethnic minority students. Despite limited quantitative evidence for White-Ethnic Minority differences in coping and psychological and academic functioning, minority students reported higher levels of family obligation. CONCLUSIONS Results revealed a mismatch between hard independence (being self-reliant, resilient, and emotionally tough) and soft independence (being self-expressive, pursuing personal interests, and gaining a sense of freedom) and illuminate how relational concerns hinder help seeking among first-generation college students. These findings support culturally tailoring outreach efforts to address norms that promote self-reliance and the underutilization of services. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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高等教育中文化错配的复杂性：影响第一代大学生应对和寻求帮助行为的规范。

目标第一代大学生通常会遇到财务，学术和个人挑战，而独立大学环境和相互依存的家庭环境之间的文化失衡加剧了这一挑战。关于文化规范（包括文化失配）对第一代大学生的应付和寻求帮助行为的影响的研究很少。本研究探讨了文化规范如何影响应对方式，并帮助寻找不同的第一代大学生的学术，财务和心理问题。方法进行了11次个人访谈以获取试点数据，并进行了8次小组访谈（n = 60）以检查文化规范，关系关注，应对和社会支持。这71位参与者（51％的少数民族； 49％的白人；70％的女性）完成了背景调查（例如人口统计，资源使用，应对和家庭义务）。结果由于担心对亲密关系产生负面影响，大多数学生是自力更生且未得到充分利用的社会支持。这些关系问题包括加重别人的负担，别人的判断和使事情变得更糟。少数族裔学生对面部丢失和群体和睦的担忧加剧。尽管关于白人种族少数群体在应对以及心理和学术功能方面的差异的定量证据有限，但少数族裔学生报告的家庭义务水平更高。结论结果表明，坚强的独立性（自力更生，有韧性和情感上坚强）与软性独立（表现自我，追求个人兴趣，并获得自由感），并阐明关系问题如何阻碍第一代大学生寻求帮助。这些发现支持从文化角度调整外展工作，以解决促进自力更生和服务利用不足的规范。（PsycInfo数据库记录（c）2020 APA，保留所有权利）。