INTRODUCTION AMP-activated protein kinases (AMPK) are heterotrimeric complexes. The main upstream phosphorylase has AMP-dependent LKB1 and Ca2+-dependent CaMKK beta. AMPK also includes an auto-inhibitory domain and a region associated with beta and gamma subunits, which regulate a variety of cellular activities and energy metabolism. The increase in the ratio of AMP/ATP can stimulate the activation of AMPK. Once AMPK is activated, pathways to ATP consumption (e.g., fat, cholesterol, and protein synthesis) will be shut down. The pathway to ATP generation (e.g., oxidation of fat and glycolysis pathway) will be activated. AMPK genes have not been systematically characterized in marine invertebrates. METHODS In this study, we identified and characterized three AMPK genes, AMPK-α, AMPK-β, and AMPK-γ, in the Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum). To gain insight into the role of AMPK genes during clam energy metabolism, quantitative real-time PCR was used to investigate the expression profiles in the different stages of clam development, in healthy adult tissues, and after air exposure at two different temperatures. RESULTS Phylogenetic and protein structural analyses were conducted to determine the identity and evolutionary relationships of these genes. The structural features of the genes were relatively well-conserved, relative to the AMPK genes of other vertebrates. The expression of genes was significantly induced 3-48 h after air exposure. CONCLUSINON AMPK-α, AMPK-β and AMPK-γ are involved in clam energy metabolism. Increased expression levels of AMPK genes in the gill and intestine of Manila clam in response to air exposure implied a strong adaptability to the coastal environment.

中文翻译：

---

在马尼拉蛤（Ruditapes philippinarum）中，对暴露于空气中的AMPK基因及其不同的表达模式进行全基因组范围的鉴定和表征。

简介AMP激活的蛋白激酶（AMPK）是异源三聚体复合物。主要的上游磷酸化酶具有AMP依赖性LKB1和Ca2 +依赖性CaMKK beta。AMPK还包括一个自动抑制域和一个与β和γ亚基相关的区域，它们调节多种细胞活动和能量代谢。AMP / ATP比例的增加可以刺激AMPK的激活。激活AMPK后，ATP消耗途径（例如脂肪，胆固醇和蛋白质合成）将被关闭。ATP生成的途径（例如，脂肪氧化和糖酵解途径）将被激活。AMPK基因尚未在海洋无脊椎动物中得到系统表征。方法在本研究中，我们鉴定并鉴定了马尼拉蛤（Ruditapes philippinarum）中的AMPK-α，AMPK-β和AMPK-γ三个AMPK基因。为了深入了解AMPK基因在蛤能量代谢中的作用，定量实时PCR用于研究蛤发育不同阶段，健康成人组织中以及在两个不同温度下暴露于空气后的表达谱。结果进行了系统进化和蛋白质结构分析，以确定这些基因的身份和进化关系。相对于其他脊椎动物的AMPK基因，该基因的结构特征相对保守。暴露于空气中3-48小时后，基因的表达被明显诱导。结论AMPK-α，AMPK-β和AMPK-γ参与蛤的能量代谢。由于暴露于空气，马尼拉蛤c和肠中AMPK基因的表达水平增加，表明其对沿海环境具有很强的适应性。