BACKGROUND Low socioeconomic status (SES) is linked to failure to quit smoking. Health inequity models suggest that low SES smokers experience barriers to quitting in part due to greater exposure to pro-smoking social contexts. PURPOSE The current study examined longitudinal associations among socioeconomic status, pro-smoking social context factors (i.e., exposure to other smokers, places where smoking was allowed), cigarette availability, and smoking lapse during a quit attempt. METHODS Ecological momentary assessments (EMA) were gathered from a multiethnic sample of 365 smokers engaged in a quit attempt. A multilevel structural equation model estimated a latent variable for SES indicated by income, education, health insurance, and employment, associations among EMAs for pro-smoking social contexts and cigarette availability, and indirect effects of SES through, pro-smoking social contexts and cigarette availability to subsequent smoking lapse. RESULTS Lower SES scores were associated with a higher likelihood of smoking lapse. Decomposition of the path from SES to smoking lapse into indirect effects showed significant paths through exposure to places where smoking is allowed and cigarette availability. Additionally, significant serial indirect paths from SES through both exposure to other smokers and places where smoking was allowed, in turn, through cigarette availability, and, ultimately, to smoking lapse were noted. CONCLUSIONS Consistent with models positing that SES influences health behaviors via contextual factors, the current study demonstrated that low SES smokers attempting to quit experienced greater pro-smoking social contexts that affected subsequent risk for lapse.

中文翻译：

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社会经济地位、社会背景和戒烟期间的吸烟失效：一项生态瞬时评估研究。

背景 低社会经济地位 (SES) 与戒烟失败有关。健康不平等模型表明，低 SES 吸烟者会遇到戒烟障碍，部分原因是更多地接触了支持吸烟的社会环境。目的 目前的研究调查了社会经济地位、支持吸烟的社会环境因素（即接触其他吸烟者、允许吸烟的地方）、香烟供应和戒烟尝试期间吸烟失败之间的纵向关联。方法 从参与戒烟尝试的 365 名吸烟者的多种族样本中收集生态瞬时评估 (EMA)。多级结构方程模型估计了 SES 的潜在变量，由收入、教育、健康保险和就业、EMA 之间与支持吸烟的社会背景和香烟供应量的关联表示，SES 通过支持吸烟的社会环境和香烟供应对随后的戒烟率产生的间接影响。结果 较低的 SES 分数与较高的戒烟可能性相关。从 SES 到吸烟的路径分解为间接影响，表明通过暴露于允许吸烟的地方和香烟供应的显着路径。此外，还注意到从 SES 通过接触其他吸烟者和允许吸烟的地方，依次通过香烟供应和最终戒烟的重要连续间接途径。结论 与假设 SES 通过情境因素影响健康行为的模型一致，