Neurons in sensory, sympathetic, and parasympathetic ganglia are surrounded by satellite glial cell (SGCs). There is little information on the effects of nerve damage on SGCs in autonomic ganglia. We studied the consequences of damage to sympathetic nerve terminals by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) on SGCs in the mouse superior cervical ganglia (Sup-CG). Immunostaining revealed that at 1-30 d post-6-OHDA injection, SGCs in Sup-CG were activated, as assayed by upregulation of glial fibrillary acidic protein. Intracellular labeling showed that dye coupling between SGCs around different neurons increased 4-6-fold 1-14 d after 6-OHDA injection. Behavioral testing 1-7 d post-6-OHDA showed that withdrawal threshold to tactile stimulation of the hind paws was reduced by 65-85%, consistent with hypersensitivity. A single intraperitoneal injection of the gap junction blocker carbenoxolone restored normal tactile thresholds in 6-OHDA-treated mice, suggesting a contribution of SGC gap junctions to pain. Using calcium imaging we found that after 6-OHDA treatment responses of SGCs to ATP were increased by about 30% compared with controls, but responses to ACh were reduced by 48%. The same experiments for SGCs in trigeminal ganglia from 6-OHDA injected mice showed no difference from controls, confirming that 6-OHDA acted selectively on sympathetic nerves. However, systemic inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide did not affect SGCs of Sup-CG, but did influence SGCs in trigeminal ganglia in the same manner as 6-OHDA did on SGCs in Sup-CG. We conclude that even though SGCs in sympathetic and sensory ganglia are morphologically similar, they are quite different functionally, particularly after damage.

中文翻译：

---

交感神经损伤对小鼠颈上神经节卫星胶质细胞的影响

感觉神经节、交感神经节和副交感神经节中的神经元被卫星神经胶质细胞 (SGC) 包围。关于神经损伤对自主神经节中 SGC 的影响的信息很少。我们研究了 6-羟基多巴胺 (6-OHDA) 对小鼠颈上神经节 (Sup-CG) 中 SGC 的交感神经末梢损伤的后果。免疫染色显示，在注射 6-OHDA 后 1-30 天，Sup-CG 中的 SGC 被激活，如通过胶质纤维酸性蛋白的上调所测定的。细胞内标记显示，在注射 6-OHDA 后 1-14 天，不同神经元周围 SGC 之间的染料偶联增加了 4-6 倍。6-OHDA 后 1-7 天的行为测试表明，对后爪触觉刺激的退缩阈值降低了 65-85%，与超敏反应一致。在 6-OHDA 治疗的小鼠中，单次腹膜内注射间隙连接阻滞剂苯氧酮恢复了正常的触觉阈值，表明 SGC 间隙连接对疼痛的贡献。使用钙成像我们发现，在 6-OHDA 处理后，SGCs 对 ATP 的反应与对照相比增加了约 30%，但对 ACh 的反应降低了 48%。对注射 6-OHDA 小鼠的三叉神经节中的 SGC 进行的相同实验显示与对照没有差异，证实 6-OHDA 选择性作用于交感神经。然而，脂多糖诱导的全身炎症不影响 Sup-CG 的 SGC，但确实以与 6-OHDA 对 Sup-CG 中 SGC 相同的方式影响三叉神经节中的 SGC。我们得出结论，即使交感神经节和感觉神经节中的 SGC 在形态上相似，