Feed intake and its daily pattern are regulated both at a short and a long term by several control pathways, including energy balance regulation. This trial aimed to determine the effect of dietary fibre (DB) (mix of wheat, soy and sugar beet pulp fibres) and aleurone supplementation and their interaction on energy and nitrogen balances in growing pigs with ad libitum access to feed. Forty pigs (BW: 35 kg) were fed diets differing by fibre concentration (NDF concentration: 10% or 14% DM) and aleurone supplementation (0, 2 or 4 g/kg) during 3 weeks. Pigs were housed individually in a respiration chamber during the last week to record feeding behaviour and measure energy and nitrogen balances (n = 36). Glucose oxidation was studied on the 6th day with an injection of [U-13C] glucose and measurement of 13CO2 production. There was no significant interaction between DB inclusion and aleurone supplementation on any variables characterizing feeding behaviour. Pigs had less but longer meals with high level of DB, with an increased interval between two meals without effect on daily feed intake. The meal frequency significantly decreased when aleurone supplementation increased. Total tract apparent digestibility coefficient of DM, organic matter, ash, nitrogen and gross energy decreased when pigs received high DB level. Dietary fibre level increased significantly faecal excreted nitrogen. Aleurone supplementation decreased nitrogen retention. Free access to the feed induced a great individual variability not only in feed intake level (from 784 to 2290 g/day) but also in feeding behaviour (from 5.5 to 21.5 meals per day). This variability can be linked with the importance of underlying feed intake regulation pathways and difference in energy balance and metabolism efficiency. Several profiles of metabolism efficiency can be discriminate, thanks to a clustering based on feeding behaviour and pre-prandial concentrations of metabolites and hormones. In conclusion, DB inclusion decreased meal frequency, increased average meal size, decreased total tract apparent faecal digestibility coefficient of nitrogen and gross energy. Supplementation of aleurone decreased average daily feed intake with a reduction of the meal number per day, without modification of average meal size. Aleurone supplementation decreased nitrogen retention and nutrient deposition. Independently of experimental diets, the high individual variability permitted discriminating different profiles with different metabolic strategies. Efficient pigs with a high energy retention as protein and lipid seem to be able to adapt their metabolism according to energy sources.

中文翻译：

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饲喂富含膳食纤维和小麦糊粉的日粮的饲喂行为与能量代谢之间的关系。

短期和长期的采食量及其每日模式都通过几种控制途径进行调节，包括能量平衡调节。该试验旨在确定日粮纤维（小麦，大豆和甜菜浆纤维的混合物）和糊粉的添加及其对自由采食的生长猪的能量和氮平衡的相互作用。在三周内，对四十头猪（体重：35公斤）喂饲不同纤维浓度（NDF浓度：10％或14％DM）和糊粉补充剂（0、2或4 g / kg）的日粮。在最后一周，将猪单独安置在呼吸室中，以记录喂养行为并测量能量和氮平衡（n = 36）。在第6天通过注射[U-13C]葡萄糖研究了葡萄糖氧化，并测量了13CO2的产生。在包含摄食行为的任何变量上，DB包合物和糊粉补充之间没有显着的相互作用。高水平DB的猪进食减少，但进食时间延长，两次进食之间的间隔时间增加，对每日的采食量没有影响。当糊粉添加量增加时，进餐频率显着降低。当猪接受较高的DB水平时，DM，有机质，灰分，氮和总能量的总表观消化系数降低。膳食纤维水平明显增加，粪便排出的氮。补充芥末减少了氮的保留。饲料的自由获取不仅在饲料摄入量（784至2290克/天）上，而且在喂养行为（每天5.5至21.5餐）上都有很大的个体差异。这种可变性可能与潜在的饲料摄入调节途径的重要性以及能量平衡和代谢效率的差异有关。由于基于进食行为和餐前代谢产物和激素浓度的聚类，可以区分几种代谢效率。总之，DB的加入降低了进餐频率，增加了平均进餐量，降低了总表观粪便中氮和总能量的消化系数。补充糊粉减少了每日平均采食量，减少了每天的进餐次数，而没有改变平均进餐量。补充芥末减少了氮的保留和养分的沉积。与实验饮食无关，高个体变异性可区分具有不同代谢策略的不同特征。作为蛋白质和脂质，具有高能量滞留的高效猪似乎能够根据能量来源适应其新陈代谢。