Abstract

Objectives

This study evaluated whether (a) retirement was associated with increased depressive symptoms, (b) four sources social support were associated with decreased depressive symptoms, and (c) whether the relationship between retirement and depressive symptoms varied across four sources social support.

Method

Health and Retirement Study data were used to assess whether four measures of structural support moderated the association between transitioning to full retirement (relative to remaining in full-time work) and symptoms of depression.

Results

Results from two-stage mixed-effects multilevel models indicated (a) on average retirement was associated with a small but significant increase in depressive symptoms after adjusting for preretirement social support, (b) on average, social support not associated with changes in symptoms of depression, but (c) social support from friends moderates the association between retirement and symptoms of depression such that at low levels of social support, retirement was associated with a sizeable increase in depressive symptoms, but this association decreased as level of social support from friends increased.

Discussion

Results suggest people with low levels of social support may benefit from actively cultivating friendships in retirement to help mitigate some of deleterious effects of retirement.

中文翻译：

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退休过渡期间结构性的社会支持和抑郁症的变化：“我在朋友的一点帮助下过了”。

摘要

目标

这项研究评估了（a）退休是否与抑郁症状增加有关；（b）四种来源的社会支持与抑郁症状的减少有关；以及（c）四种来源的社会支持对退休与抑郁症状之间的关系是否有所不同。

方法

健康和退休研究数据用于评估是否有四种结构性支持措施缓解了向完全退休（相对于全职工作）和抑郁症状之间的联系。

结果

两阶段混合效应多层次模型的结果表明：（a）平均退休与调整退休前社会支持后的抑郁症状有小幅但显着的增加有关；（b）平均而言，社会支持与以下症状的改变无关抑郁症，但（c）朋友的社会支持减轻了退休与抑郁症状之间的联系，因此，在社会支持水平较低时，退休与抑郁症状的大量增加相关，但随着朋友的社会支持水平的降低，这种联系减少了增加。

讨论区

结果表明，社会支持水平低的人可能会从退休后积极培养友谊中受益，以帮助减轻退休带来的一些不利影响。