Ionic liquid-based hollow-fiber liquid-liquid-liquid microextraction (IL-HF-LLLME) coupled to capillary electrophoresis (CE) has been developed for the determination of six sulfonamides (SAs) in aquaculture waters. A series of extraction parameters was optimized to enhance the extraction efficiency, which included type and pore size of hollow fiber, type and composition of extraction solvent, pH value of donor phase, the concentration of acceptor phase and the mass ratio of donor phase to acceptor phase along with extraction temperature and time. Under optimal conditions, the IL-HF-LLLME-CE method provided a wide liner range for six SAs from 2 to 1,000 μg L-1 (r2 ≥ 0.9995), the limits of the detection from 0.25 to 0.48 and the enrichment factors from 122 to 230, respectively. Relative standard deviations for intra- and interday precision were 1.4-5.3% and 1.8-7.5% (n = 5), respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of trace-level SAs in seven real-world aquaculture water samples with good recoveries (80.4-100.7%). Also, sulfamerazine and sulfamethoxazole were detected at the level of 0.52-1.60 μg L-1 in two water samples. Due to its good sensitivity, simple operation, short analysis time and eco-friendliness, the developed method has a great application potential in analysis of trace SA residues in aquaculture waters.

中文翻译：

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离子液体基中空纤维液-液微萃取结合毛细管电泳测定水产养殖水中的磺酰胺。

基于离子液体的中空纤维液-液-液微萃取（IL-HF-LLLME）与毛细管电泳（CE）耦合已被开发用于测定养殖水体中的六种磺酰胺类（SAs）。优化了一系列萃取参数以提高萃取效率，包括中空纤维的类型和孔径，萃取溶剂的类型和组成，供体相的pH值，受体相的浓度以及供体相与受体的质量比。相以及提取温度和时间。在最佳条件下，IL-HF-LLLME-CE方法可为6种SA从2至1,000μgL-1（r2≥0.9995），6种检测限从0.25至0.48，富集因子从122种提供宽的内衬范围至230。日内和日间精度的相对标准偏差为1。4-5.3％和1.8-7.5％（n = 5）。该方法成功地用于测定7种现实世界中水产养殖水样中的痕量SA，回收率高（80.4-100.7％）。此外，在两个水样中检测到柳氮磺胺嘧啶和磺胺甲恶唑的含量为0.52-1.60μgL-1。该方法灵敏度高，操作简便，分析时间短，生态友好，在水产养殖水中痕量SA残留分析中具有很大的应用潜力。