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Chikungunya Virus: Role of Vectors in Emergence from Enzootic Cycles.
Annual Review of Entomology ( IF 23.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-10 , DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-011019-025207
Scott C Weaver 1 , Rubing Chen 1 , Mawlouth Diallo 2
Affiliation  

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), a re-emerging mosquito-borne arbovirus, has caused millions of cases of severe, often chronic arthralgia during recent outbreaks. In Africa, circulation in sylvatic, enzootic cycles involves several species of arboreal mosquito vectors that transmit among diverse nonhuman primates and possibly other amplifying hosts. Most disease occurs when CHIKV emerges into a human-amplified cycle involving Aedes aegypti and sometimes Aedes albopictus transmission and extensive spread via travelers. Epidemiologic studies suggest that the transition from enzootic to epidemic cycles begins when people are infected via spillover in forests. However, efficient human amplification likely only ensues far from enzootic habitats where peridomestic vector and human densities are adequate. Recent outbreaks have been enhanced by mutations that adapt CHIKV for more efficient infection of Ae. albopictus, allowing for geographic expansion. However, epistatic interactions, sometimes resulting from founder effects following point-source human introductions, have profound effects on transmission efficiency, making CHIKV emergence somewhat unpredictable.

中文翻译:

Chikungunya病毒:媒介在生化周期中的作用。

基孔肯雅病毒(CHIKV)是一种重新出现的蚊媒虫媒病毒,在最近的暴发中已导致数百万例严重的,经常是慢性关节痛的病例。在非洲,sylvatic,enzootic周期中的循环涉及几种树栖蚊媒,它们在不同的非人类灵长类动物以及可能的其他扩增宿主之间传播。大多数疾病发生在CHIKV进入包括埃及伊蚊(Aedes aegypti)的人类扩增循环中,有时还传播白纹伊蚊(Aedes albopictus)并通过旅行者广泛传播。流行病学研究表明,当人们通过森林溢出而受到感染时,便开始从动物流行过渡到流行。然而,有效的人类扩增仅可能发生在远离蠕动载体和人类密度的动物栖息地。最近的暴发已通过使CHIKV适应更有效感染Ae的突变而得到增强。albopictus,可以进行地理扩展。但是,上位的相互作用有时是由点源人类引入后的创始人效应引起的,对传输效率产生了深远的影响,使得CHIKV的出现有些不可预测。
更新日期:2020-04-21
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