The field of public health genomics has matured in the past two decades and is beginning to deliver genomic-based interventions for health and health care. In the past few years, the terms precision medicine and precision public health have been used to include information from multiple fields measuring biomarkers as well as environmental and other variables to provide tailored interventions. In the context of public health, “precision” implies delivering the right intervention to the right population at the right time, with the goal of improving health for all. In addition to genomics, precision public health can be driven by “big data” as identified by volume, variety, and variability in biomedical, sociodemographic, environmental, geographic, and other information. Most current big data applications in health are in elucidating pathobiology and tailored drug discovery. We explore how big data and predictive analytics can contribute to precision public health by improving public health surveillance and assessment, and efforts to promote uptake of evidence-based interventions, by including more extensive information related to place, person, and time. We use selected examples drawn from child health, cardiovascular disease, and cancer to illustrate the promises of precision public health, as well as current methodologic and analytic challenges to big data to fulfill these promises.

中文翻译：

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超越公共卫生基因组学：大数据和预测分析能否提供精准的公共卫生服务？

公共卫生基因组学领域在过去二十年已经成熟，并开始为健康和医疗保健提供基于基因组的干预措施。在过去几年中，精准医学和精准公共卫生这两个术语已被用于包括来自多个领域的信息，用于测量生物标志物以及环境和其他变量，以提供量身定制的干预措施。在公共卫生的背景下，“精准”意味着在正确的时间向正确的人群提供正确的干预，以改善所有人的健康为目标。除了基因组学，精准的公共卫生还可以由“大数据”驱动，这些数据通过生物医学、社会人口、环境、地理和其他信息的数量、种类和可变性来确定。当前大多数大数据在健康领域的应用是阐明病理生物学和定制药物发现。我们探索大数据和预测分析如何通过改进公共卫生监测和评估以及努力促进采用循证干预措施（包括与地点、人员和时间相关的更广泛信息）来促进精准公共卫生。我们使用从儿童健康、心血管疾病和癌症中抽取的选定示例来说明精准公共卫生的承诺，以及当前为实现这些承诺而对大数据的方法学和分析挑战。并努力促进采取循证干预措施，包括与地点、人员和时间相关的更广泛的信息。我们使用从儿童健康、心血管疾病和癌症中抽取的选定示例来说明精准公共卫生的承诺，以及当前为实现这些承诺而对大数据的方法学和分析挑战。并努力促进采取循证干预措施，包括与地点、人员和时间相关的更广泛的信息。我们使用从儿童健康、心血管疾病和癌症中抽取的选定示例来说明精准公共卫生的承诺，以及当前为实现这些承诺而对大数据的方法学和分析挑战。