Pharmacogenetics is a key component of precision medicine. Genetic variation in drug metabolism enzymes can lead to variable exposure to drugs and metabolites, potentially leading to inefficacy and drug toxicity. Although the evidence for pharmacogenetic associations in children is not as extensive as for adults, there are several drugs across diverse therapeutic areas with robust pediatric data indicating important, and relatively common, drug-gene interactions. Guidelines to assist gene-based dose optimization are available for codeine, thiopurine drugs, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, atomoxetine, tacrolimus, and voriconazole. For each of these drugs, there is an opportunity to clinically implement precision medicine approaches with children for whom genetic test results are known or are obtained at the time of prescribing. For many more drugs that are commonly used in pediatric patients, additional investigation is needed to determine the genetic factors influencing appropriate dose.

中文翻译：

---

儿童基于基因的剂量优化。

药物遗传学是精准医学的关键组成部分。药物代谢酶的遗传变异可导致对药物和代谢物的不同暴露，可能导致无效和药物毒性。尽管儿童药物遗传学关联的证据不如成人广泛，但有几种药物跨越不同的治疗领域，具有强大的儿科数据表明重要且相对常见的药物-基因相互作用。可待因、硫嘌呤类药物、选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂、托莫西汀、他克莫司和伏立康唑的辅助基于基因的剂量优化指南。对于这些药物中的每一种，都有机会在临床上对已知或在开处方时获得基因检测结果的儿童实施精准医学方法。