The cell nucleus encloses, organizes, and protects the genome. Chromatin maintains nuclear mechanical stability and shape in coordination with lamins and the cytoskeleton. Abnormal nuclear shape is a diagnostic marker for human diseases, and it can cause nuclear dysfunction. Chromatin mechanics underlies this link, as alterations to chromatin and its physical properties can disrupt or rescue nuclear shape. The cell can regulate nuclear shape through mechanotransduction pathways that sense and respond to extracellular cues, thus modulating chromatin compaction and rigidity. These findings reveal how chromatin's physical properties can regulate cellular function and drive abnormal nuclear morphology and dysfunction in disease.

中文翻译：

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染色质的物理特性决定了细胞核及其功能。

细胞核包围、组织和保护基因组。染色质与核纤层蛋白和细胞骨架协调维持核机械稳定性和形状。核形状异常是人类疾病的诊断标志，它会导致核功能障碍。染色质力学是这种联系的基础，因为染色质及其物理特性的改变可以破坏或挽救核形状。细胞可以通过感知和响应细胞外信号的机械转导途径来调节核形状，从而调节染色质的压实和硬度。这些发现揭示了染色质的物理特性如何调节细胞功能并驱动疾病中异常的核形态和功能障碍。