Environmental governance systems are under greater pressure to adapt and to cope with increased social and ecological uncertainty from stressors like climate change. We review principles of social cognition and decision making that shape and constrain how environmental governance systems adapt. We focus primarily on the interplay between key decision makers in society and legal systems. We argue that adaptive governance must overcome three cooperative dilemmas to facilitate adaptation: (1) encouraging collaborative problem solving, (2) garnering social acceptance and commitment, and (3) cultivating a culture of trust and tolerance for change and uncertainty. However, to do so governance systems must cope with biases in people's decision making that cloud their judgment and create conflict. These systems must also satisfy people's fundamental needs for self-determination, fairness, and security, ensuring that changes to environmental governance are perceived as legitimate, trustworthy, and acceptable. We discuss the implications of these principles for common governance solutions (e.g., public participation, enforcement) and conclude with methodological recommendations. We outline how scholars can investigate the social cognitive principles involved in cases of adaptive governance.

中文翻译：

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理解和应用适应性环境治理中的社会认知和决策原则

环境治理系统面临着更大的压力，需要适应和应对气候变化等压力因素带来的日益增加的社会和生态不确定性。我们回顾了塑造和限制环境治理系统如何适应的社会认知和决策原则。我们主要关注社会和法律体系中关键决策者之间的相互作用。我们认为，适应性治理必须克服三个合作困境以促进适应：（1）鼓励协作解决问题，（2）获得社会认可和承诺，以及（3）培养信任和容忍变化和不确定性的文化。然而，要做到这一点，治理系统必须应对人们决策中的偏见，这些偏见会影响他们的判断并造成冲突。这些系统还必须满足人们的需求 对自决、公平和安全的基本需求，确保环境治理的变化被视为合法、值得信赖和可接受的。我们讨论了这些原则对共同治理解决方案（例如，公众参与、执法）的影响，并以方法论建议作为结论。我们概述了学者如何研究适应性治理案例中涉及的社会认知原则。