The medial temporal lobe (MTL) is a collection of brain regions best known for their role in perception, memory, and emotional behavior. Within the MTL, the perirhinal cortex (PRh) plays a critical role in perceptual representation and recognition memory, although its contribution to emotional regulation is still debated. Here, rhesus monkeys with neonatal perirhinal lesions (Neo-PRh) and controls (Neo-C) were tested on the Human Intruder (HI) task at 2 months, 4.5 months, and 5 years of age to assess the role of the PRh in the development of emotional behaviors. The HI task presents a tiered social threat to which typically developing animals modulate their emotional responses according to the level of threat. Unlike animals with neonatal amygdala or hippocampal lesions, Neo-PRh animals were not broadly hyper- or hyporesponsive to the threat presented by the HI task as compared with controls. Instead, Neo-PRh animals displayed an impaired ability to modulate their freezing and anxiety-like behavioral responses according to the varying levels of threat. Impaired transmission of perceptual representation generated by the PRh to the amygdala and hippocampus may explain the animals' inability to appropriately assess and react to complex social stimuli. Neo-PRh animals also displayed fewer hostile behaviors in infancy and more coo vocalizations in adulthood. Neither stress-reactive nor basal cortisol levels were affected by the Neo-PRh lesions. Overall, these results suggest that the PRh is indirectly involved in the expression of emotional behavior and that effects of Neo-PRh lesions are dissociable from neonatal lesions to other temporal lobe structures. (PsycINFO Database Record

中文翻译：

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新生儿周围皮层皮损损害了猴子调节其情绪反应的能力。

颞叶内侧（MTL）是大脑区域的集合，该区域以其在感知，记忆和情绪行为中的作用而闻名。在MTL内，尽管仍在探讨其对情绪调节的作用，但在感知表达和识别记忆中，周围神经皮质（PRh）发挥着关键作用。在这里，在2个月，4.5个月和5岁时，在人类入侵者（HI）任务下对具有新生儿腹膜周围病变（Neo-PRh）和对照组（Neo-C）的恒河猴进行了测试，以评估PRh在体内的作用。情绪行为的发展。HI任务提出了分层的社会威胁，通常发育中的动物会根据威胁的程度来调节其情绪反应。与具有新生儿杏仁核或海马病变的动物不同，与对照组相比，Neo-PRh动物对HI任务所引起的威胁没有广泛的反应过度或反应不足。取而代之的是，Neo-PRh动物表现出的受损能力会根据威胁的不同程度来调节其冻结和类似焦虑的行为反应。PRh产生的知觉表征在杏仁核和海马体中的传导障碍可能解释了动物无法适当评估复杂的社会刺激并对其做出反应。Neo-PRh动物在婴儿期也表现出较少的敌对行为，而在成年期表现出更多的咕咕叫声。Neo-PRh病变既不影响压力反应性也不影响基础皮质醇水平。总体，这些结果表明PRh间接参与情绪行为的表达，并且Neo-PRh病变的影响从新生儿病变到其他颞叶结构是不相关的。（PsycINFO数据库记录