In this review, we address selected areas that are central to the state-of-the-art of cancer prevention science. The emphasis on prevention as a viable and critical approach to decreasing cancer mortality has gained traction in recent years, evidenced by its inclusion in the US Vice President's Cancer Initiative (also termed ‘Moonshot’). Cancer prevention occurs by arresting, slowing down, or reversing the carcinogenic process before invasion into surrounding tissue or by avoiding or blocking causative exposure. An important challenge is to identify individuals who will benefit most from preventive interventions with the least possible harm. Preventive interventions range from avoiding known carcinogens (e.g., tobacco or asbestos) to intervening with anticarcinogenic strategies (behavioral modifications, such as diet and exercise; medications; nutritional agents; and vaccination against causative agents). Here, we focus on active intervention with measures involving pharmaceutical and immunological agents.

在这篇综述中，我们介绍了一些对于癌症预防科学领域至关重要的领域。近年来，将预防作为降低癌症死亡率的可行且关键的方法而受到重视，这已被美国副总统癌症倡议（也称为“ Moonshot”）所证明。预防癌症的方法是在侵入周围组织之前阻止，减慢或逆转其致癌过程，或者避免或阻止致病性暴露。一个重要的挑战是确定从预防性干预中受益最大，危害最小的个人。预防性干预措施的范围从避免已知的致癌物（例如烟草或石棉）到干预抗癌策略（行为习惯，例如饮食和运动；药物治疗；营养剂 以及针对病原体的疫苗接种）。在这里，我们集中于涉及药物和免疫试剂的积极干预措施。