Inhalation of diacetyl vapors by workers has been associated with obliterative bronchiolitis (OB), a poorly understood fibroproliferative disease of the small airways. Significant insights into the pathogenesis of OB have been obtained through the use of a rat model. Inhalation exposure of rats to diacetyl or 2,3-pentanedione, a related flavoring agent, can cause severe injury to the airway epithelium and underlying basement membrane. Repeated exposure to diacetyl or 2,3-pentanedione leads to aberrant repair, fibroproliferation and partial to complete occlusion of the airway lumen. Fibroproliferative lesions in rat airways were found to include both intraluminal polyps and circumferential intramural lesions. Intraluminal polyps have been observed to form secondary attachments spanning the airway lumen causing increasing obstruction. These airway lesions in rats are accompanied by inflammation in the form of peribronchial and perivascular infiltrates of lymphocytes, eosinophils and neutrophils. Diacetyl-induced OB lesions in the rat are similar to OB lesions in humans and provide a good model for studying the pathogenesis of this disease.

中文翻译：

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闭塞性细支气管炎大鼠模型中二乙酰和2,3-戊二酮气道病变的病理学。

工人吸入二乙酰蒸气与闭塞性细支气管炎（OB）有关，闭塞性细支气管炎对小气道的纤维增生性疾病知之甚少。通过使用大鼠模型已经获得了对OB发病机理的重要见解。大鼠吸入二乙酰或2,3-戊二酮（一种相关的增香剂）会导致呼吸道上皮和基底膜严重受伤。反复暴露于二乙酰或2,3-戊二酮会导致异常修复，纤维增生以及部分或完全阻塞气管腔。发现大鼠气道中的纤维增生性病变包括管腔内息肉和周围壁内病变。已观察到管腔内息肉形成横跨气道内腔的次级附件，导致阻塞增加。大鼠的这些气道损伤伴随着淋巴细胞，嗜酸性粒细胞和嗜中性粒细胞的支气管周围和血管周围浸润形式的炎症。双乙酰诱发的大鼠OB损伤与人类的OB损伤相似，为研究该病的发病机理提供了良好的模型。