Most neurons are generated during development and are not replaced during adulthood, even if they are lost to injury or disease. However, it is firmly established that new neurons are generated in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus of almost all adult mammals, including humans. Nevertheless, many questions remain regarding adult neurogenesis in other brain regions and particularly in humans, where standard birth-dating methods are not generally feasible. Exciting recent evidence indicates that calretinin-expressing interneurons are added to the adult human striatum at a substantial rate. The role of new neurons is unknown, but studies in rodents will be able to further elucidate their identity and origin and then we may begin to understand their regulation and function.

中文翻译：

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成年纹状体中的新神经元：从啮齿动物到人类

大多数神经元是在发育过程中产生的，在成年期不会被替换，即使它们因受伤或疾病而丢失。然而，几乎所有成年哺乳动物（包括人类）的海马齿状回中都会产生新的神经元，这一点已经得到证实。尽管如此，关于其他大脑区域的成人神经发生仍然存在许多问题，特别是在人类中，标准的出生日期方法通常不可行。最近令人兴奋的证据表明，表达钙调视网膜蛋白的中间神经元以相当大的速度添加到成人纹状体中。新神经元的作用尚不清楚，但对啮齿动物的研究将能够进一步阐明它们的身份和起源，然后我们可能会开始了解它们的调节和功能。