Virus-induced diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) represent a significant burden to human health worldwide. The complexity of these diseases is influenced by the sheer number of different neurotropic viruses, the diverse routes of CNS entry, viral tropism, and the immune system. Using a combination of human pathological data and experimental animal models, we have begun to uncover many of the mechanisms that viruses use to enter the CNS and cause disease. This review highlights a selection of neurotropic viruses that infect the CNS and explores the means by which they induce neurological diseases such as meningitis, encephalitis, and myelitis.

病毒引起的中枢神经系统疾病（CNS）代表着全世界人类健康的重大负担。这些疾病的复杂性受不同类型的嗜神经性病毒的绝对数量，中枢神经系统进入途径的多样化，病毒嗜性和免疫系统的影响。结合人类病理数据和实验动物模型，我们已经开始发现病毒用于进入中枢神经系统并引起疾病的许多机制。这篇综述重点介绍了感染中枢神经系统的嗜神经性病毒，并探讨了它们诱导神经系统疾病（如脑膜炎，脑炎和脊髓炎）的方法。