The basal ganglia are equipped with inhibitory and disinhibitory mechanisms that enable a subject to choose valuable objects and actions. Notably, a value can be determined flexibly by recent experience or stably by prolonged experience. Recent studies have revealed that the head and tail of the caudate nucleus selectively and differentially process flexible and stable values of visual objects. These signals are sent to the superior colliculus through different parts of the substantia nigra so that the animal looks preferentially at high-valued objects, but in different manners. Thus, relying on short-term value memories, the caudate head circuit allows the subject's gaze to move expectantly to recently valued objects. Relying on long-term value memories, the caudate tail circuit allows the subject's gaze to move automatically to previously valued objects. The basal ganglia also contain an equivalent parallel mechanism for action values. Such flexible-stable parallel mechanisms for object and action values create a highly adaptable system for decision making.

中文翻译：

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用于奖励价值导向行为的基底神经节回路。

基底神经节配备了抑制和去抑制机制，使主体能够选择有价值的对象和行动。值得注意的是，一个值可以根据近期经验灵活确定，也可以通过长期经验稳定确定。最近的研究表明尾状核的头部和尾部有选择地和差异地处理视觉对象的灵活和稳定的值。这些信号通过黑质的不同部分发送到上丘，因此动物会优先看高价值的物体，但方式不同。因此，依靠短期价值记忆，尾状头电路允许受试者的目光期待地移动到最近有价值的物体上。依靠长期价值记忆，尾状尾回路允许受试者' s 凝视自动移动到以前重视的对象。基底神经节还包含一个等效的动作值并行机制。这种针对对象和动作值的灵活稳定的并行机制为决策制定创造了一个高度适应性的系统。