The neuroscience research landscape has changed dramatically over the past decade. Specifically, an impressive array of new tools and technologies have been generated, including but not limited to: brain gene expression atlases, genetically encoded proteins to monitor and manipulate neuronal activity, and new methods for imaging and mapping circuits. However, despite these technological advances, several significant challenges must be overcome to enable a better understanding of brain function and to develop cell type-targeted therapeutics to treat brain disorders. This review provides an overview of some of the tools and technologies currently being used to advance the field of molecular neuroanatomy, and also discusses emerging technologies that may enable neuroscientists to address these crucial scientific challenges over the coming decade.

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分子神经解剖学：一代人的进步

过去十年，神经科学研究格局发生了巨大变化。具体来说，已经产生了一系列令人印象深刻的新工具和技术，包括但不限于：大脑基因表达图谱、用于监测和操纵神经元活动的基因编码蛋白质，以及用于成像和绘制电路的新方法。然而，尽管有这些技术进步，但必须克服几个重大挑战，才能更好地了解大脑功能并开发针对细胞类型的疗法来治疗大脑疾病。这篇综述概述了目前用于推进分子神经解剖学领域的一些工具和技术，并讨论了可能使神经科学家在未来十年解决这些关键科学挑战的新兴技术。