Studies of the vertebrate limb development have contributed significantly to understanding the fundamental mechanisms underlying growth, patterning, and morphogenesis of a complex multicellular organism. In the limb, well-defined signaling centers interact to coordinate limb growth and patterning along the three axes. Recent analyses of live imaging and mathematical modeling have provided evidence that polarized cell behaviors governed by morphogen gradients play an important role in shaping the limb bud. Furthermore, the Wnt/planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway that controls uniformly polarized cell behaviors in a field of cells has emerged to be critical for directional morphogenesis in the developing limb. Directional information coded in the morphogen gradient may be interpreted by responding cells through regulating the activities of PCP components in a Wnt morphogen dose-dependent manner.

中文翻译：

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脊椎动物肢体形态发生中的平面细胞极性。

脊椎动物肢体发育的研究对理解复杂多细胞生物的生长、模式和形态发生的基本机制做出了重大贡献。在肢体中，明确定义的信号中心相互作用以协调沿三个轴的肢体生长和模式。最近对实时成像和数学建模的分析提供了证据，表明由形态发生素梯度控制的极化细胞行为在塑造肢芽方面起着重要作用。此外，控制细胞领域中均匀极化细胞行为的 Wnt/平面细胞极性 (PCP) 通路已成为发育中肢体定向形态发生的关键。