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Neurophysiological responses to faces and gaze direction differentiate children with ASD, ADHD and ASD+ADHD.
Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience ( IF 4.7 ) Pub Date : 2013-01-18 , DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2013.01.001
Charlotte Tye 1 , Evelyne Mercure , Karen L Ashwood , Bahare Azadi , Philip Asherson , Mark H Johnson , Patrick Bolton , Gráinne McLoughlin
Affiliation  

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) demonstrate face processing abnormalities that may underlie social impairment. Despite substantial overlap between ASD and ADHD, ERP markers of face and gaze processing have not been directly compared across pure and comorbid cases. Children with ASD (n = 19), ADHD (n = 18), comorbid ASD + ADHD (n = 29) and typically developing (TD) controls (n = 26) were presented with upright/inverted faces with direct/averted gaze, with concurrent recording of the P1 and N170 components. While the N170 was predominant in the right hemisphere in TD and ADHD, children with ASD (ASD/ASD + ADHD) showed a bilateral distribution. In addition, children with ASD demonstrated altered response to gaze direction on P1 latency and no sensitivity to gaze direction on midline-N170 amplitude compared to TD and ADHD. In contrast, children with ADHD (ADHD/ASD + ADHD) exhibited a reduced face inversion effect on P1 latency compared to TD and ASD. These findings suggest children with ASD have specific abnormalities in gaze processing and altered neural specialisation, whereas children with ADHD show abnormalities at early visual attention stages. Children with ASD + ADHD are an additive co-occurrence with deficits of both disorders. Elucidating the neural basis of the overlap between ASD and ADHD is likely to inform aetiological investigation and clinical assessment.



中文翻译:

对面部和注视方向的神经生理反应区分患有 ASD、ADHD 和 ASD+ADHD 的儿童。

患有自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 和注意力缺陷多动障碍 (ADHD) 的儿童表现出可能导致社交障碍的面部处理异常。尽管 ASD 和 ADHD 之间存在大量重叠,但面部和凝视处理的 ERP 标记尚未在纯病例和合并病例中进行直接比较。患有 ASD ( n = 19)、ADHD ( n = 18)、合并 ASD + ADHD ( n = 29) 和典型发育 (TD) 对照 ( n= 26) 呈现直立/倒立的面孔,直接/避开凝视,同时记录 P1 和 N170 分量。虽然 N170 在 TD 和 ADHD 的右半球占主导地位,但患有 ASD (ASD/ASD + ADHD) 的儿童呈双侧分布。此外,与 TD 和 ADHD 相比,患有 ASD 的儿童在 P1 潜伏期对注视方向的反应有所改变,对中线 N170 幅度的注视方向不敏感。相比之下,与 TD 和 ASD 相比,患有 ADHD (ADHD/ASD + ADHD) 的儿童对 P1 潜伏期的面部倒置效果降低。这些研究结果表明,患有 ASD 的儿童在凝视处理和神经特化方面有特定的异常,而患有 ADHD 的儿童在早期视觉注意阶段表现出异常。患有 ASD + ADHD 的儿童是两种疾病缺陷的共同发生。阐明 ASD 和 ADHD 之间重叠的神经基础可能会为病因调查和临床评估提供信息。

更新日期:2013-01-18
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