The intestine serves as the primary site of nutrient absorption in the body while also harboring the highest burden of commensal microflora and representing a major portal of pathogen exposure. As such, the immune network of the intestine relies on both dietary and commensal derived signals to guide appropriate function. Recent advances highlight the role of dietary derived nutrients and commensal derived metabolites in shaping gastrointestinal immunity. In particular, vitamin A has been shown to have dominant and pleiotropic effects in the intestine. In addition, dietary derived AHR ligands and commensal derived metabolites are now emerging as important players in mucosal immunity. Thus nutrition, commensal microflora and the mucosal immune system are all intimately connected.

中文翻译：

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膳食和共生衍生营养素：塑造粘膜和全身免疫。

肠道是体内营养吸收的主要场所，同时也是共生微生物群落负担最重的地方，也是病原体暴露的主要门户。因此，肠道的免疫网络依赖于饮食和共生衍生信号来指导适当的功能。最近的进展突出了膳食衍生营养素和共生衍生代谢物在塑造胃肠道免疫中的作用。特别是，维生素 A 已被证明在肠道中具有显性和多效性。此外，饮食衍生的 AHR 配体和共生衍生代谢物现在正在成为粘膜免疫的重要参与者。因此，营养、共生微生物群和粘膜免疫系统都密切相关。