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Cancer risks associated with external radiation from diagnostic imaging procedures
CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians ( IF 254.7 ) Pub Date : 2012-02-03 , DOI: 10.3322/caac.21132
Martha S Linet 1 , Thomas L Slovis 2 , Donald L Miller 3 , Ruth Kleinerman 4 , Choonsik Lee 5 , Preetha Rajaraman 5 , Amy Berrington de Gonzalez 6
Affiliation  

The 600% increase in medical radiation exposure to the US population since 1980 has provided immense benefit, but increased potential future cancer risks to patients. Most of the increase is from diagnostic radiologic procedures. The objectives of this review are to summarize epidemiologic data on cancer risks associated with diagnostic procedures, describe how exposures from recent diagnostic procedures relate to radiation levels linked with cancer occurrence, and propose a framework of strategies to reduce radiation from diagnostic imaging in patients. We briefly review radiation dose definitions, mechanisms of radiation carcinogenesis, key epidemiologic studies of medical and other radiation sources and cancer risks, and dose trends from diagnostic procedures. We describe cancer risks from experimental studies, future projected risks from current imaging procedures, and the potential for higher risks in genetically susceptible populations. To reduce future projected cancers from diagnostic procedures, we advocate the widespread use of evidence‐based appropriateness criteria for decisions about imaging procedures; oversight of equipment to deliver reliably the minimum radiation required to attain clinical objectives; development of electronic lifetime records of imaging procedures for patients and their physicians; and commitment by medical training programs, professional societies, and radiation protection organizations to educate all stakeholders in reducing radiation from diagnostic procedures. CA Cancer J Clin 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.

中文翻译:

与诊断成像程序的外部辐射相关的癌症风险

自 1980 年以来,美国人口的医疗辐射暴露增加了 600%,这带来了巨大的好处,但也增加了患者未来潜在的癌症风险。大部分增加来自诊断放射学程序。本综述的目的是总结与诊断程序相关的癌症风险的流行病学数据,描述最近诊断程序的暴露如何与与癌症发生相关的辐射水平相关,并提出减少患者诊断成像辐射的策略框架。我们简要回顾了辐射剂量定义、辐射致癌机制、医疗和其他辐射源和癌症风险的关键流行病学研究,以及诊断程序的剂量趋势。我们描述了实验研究中的癌症风险,当前成像程序的未来预测风险,以及遗传易感人群中更高风险的潜力。为了减少诊断过程中未来预测的癌症,我们提倡广泛使用基于证据的适当性标准来决定成像过程;监督设备以可靠地提供达到临床目标所需的最低辐射;为患者及其医生开发成像程序的电子终身记录;医疗培训计划、专业协会和辐射防护组织承诺教育所有利益相关者减少诊断程序产生的辐射。CA Cancer J Clin 2012。© 2012 美国癌症协会。为了减少诊断过程中未来预测的癌症,我们提倡广泛使用基于证据的适当性标准来决定成像过程;监督设备以可靠地提供达到临床目标所需的最低辐射;为患者及其医生开发成像程序的电子终身记录;医疗培训计划、专业协会和辐射防护组织承诺教育所有利益相关者减少诊断程序产生的辐射。CA Cancer J Clin 2012。© 2012 美国癌症协会。为了减少诊断过程中未来预测的癌症,我们提倡广泛使用基于证据的适当性标准来决定成像过程;监督设备以可靠地提供达到临床目标所需的最低辐射;为患者及其医生开发成像程序的电子终身记录;医疗培训计划、专业协会和辐射防护组织承诺教育所有利益相关者减少诊断程序产生的辐射。CA Cancer J Clin 2012。© 2012 美国癌症协会。监督设备以可靠地提供达到临床目标所需的最低辐射;为患者及其医生开发成像程序的电子终身记录;医疗培训计划、专业协会和辐射防护组织承诺教育所有利益相关者减少诊断程序产生的辐射。CA Cancer J Clin 2012。© 2012 美国癌症协会。监督设备以可靠地提供达到临床目标所需的最低辐射;为患者及其医生开发成像程序的电子终身记录;医疗培训计划、专业协会和辐射防护组织承诺教育所有利益相关者减少诊断程序产生的辐射。CA Cancer J Clin 2012。© 2012 美国癌症协会。
更新日期:2012-02-03
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