Herpes simplex virus type 1 is a neurotropic herpesvirus that establishes latency within sensory neurones. Following primary infection, the virus replicates productively within mucosal epithelial cells and enters sensory neurones via nerve termini. The virus is then transported to neuronal cell bodies where latency can be established. Periodically, the virus can reactivate to resume its normal lytic cycle gene expression programme and result in the generation of new virus progeny that are transported axonally back to the periphery. The ability to establish lifelong latency within the host and to periodically reactivate to facilitate dissemination is central to the survival strategy of this virus. Although incompletely understood, this review will focus on the mechanisms involved in the regulation of latency that centre on the functions of the virus-encoded latency-associated transcripts (LATs), epigenetic regulation of the latent virus genome and the molecular events that precipitate reactivation.

中文翻译：

---

单纯疱疹病毒潜伏期的分子基础。

1 型单纯疱疹病毒是一种嗜神经疱疹病毒，可在感觉神经元内建立潜伏期。初次感染后，病毒在黏膜上皮细胞内高效复制，并通过神经末端进入感觉神经元。然后病毒被运送到可以建立潜伏期的神经元细胞体。病毒可以周期性地重新激活以恢复其正常的裂解周期基因表达程序，并导致产生新的病毒后代，这些后代通过轴突运输回外周。在宿主体内建立终生潜伏期并定期重新激活以促进传播的能力是该病毒生存策略的核心。虽然不完全理解，