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Measuring anti-Müllerian hormone for the assessment of ovarian reserve: When and for whom is it indicated?
Maturitas ( IF 4.9 ) Pub Date : 2012-01-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2011.11.008
R A Anderson 1 , S M Nelson , W H B Wallace
Affiliation  

Our understanding of female reproductive function has been hampered by our inability to directly assess the number of non-growing primordial follicles present in the ovary, the ovarian reserve. Female reproductive hormones (FSH and LH, the inhibins and steroids) reflect the activity of the larger growing follicles and thus are largely informative of peri-ovulatory ovarian activity. In contrast anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is a product of the granulosa cells of small growing follicles, whose number (and therefore circulating AMH concentrations) is reflective of the ovarian reserve. AMH declines with age in adult women, and emerging data suggest a relationship with remaining reproductive lifespan and age at the menopause. Early studies demonstrated that AMH concentrations are stable across the menstrual cycle, adding to its clinical utility. The most established role for AMH measurement is in women about to start IVF treatment, where it is predictive of the ovarian response and is of clear value in identifying women at risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome or whose response will be poor and thus their expectations can be tailored. AMH is detectable in childhood, and although relationships to puberty are not yet available, it appears that AMH rises to a peak in the early 20s. Developing indications include in assessment and individualisation of the risk to fertility from chemotherapy, in the diagnosis of PCOS and as a tumour marker in granulosa cell tumours. The increasingly routine use of AMH by IVF clinics heralds much wider adoption in a range of clinical situations across the reproductive lifespan.

中文翻译:

测量抗苗勒管激素以评估卵巢储备:何时以及为谁指示?

由于我们无法直接评估卵巢中存在的未生长的原始卵泡的数量,即卵巢储备,我们对女性生殖功能的理解受到了阻碍。女性生殖激素(FSH 和 LH、抑制素和类固醇)反映了较大的生长卵泡的活性,因此在很大程度上提供了围排卵期卵巢活动的信息。相比之下,抗苗勒管激素 (AMH) 是小卵泡的颗粒细胞的产物,其数量(以及循环 AMH 浓度)反映了卵巢储备。成年女性的 AMH 会随着年龄的增长而下降,新出现的数据表明与剩余生育寿命和更年期年龄有关。早期研究表明,AMH 浓度在整个月经周期内保持稳定,增加了其临床效用。AMH 测量最确定的作用是在即将开始 IVF 治疗的女性中,它可以预测卵巢反应,并且在识别有卵巢过度刺激综合征风险或反应不佳的女性方面具有明确的价值,因此他们的期望可以量身定做。AMH 可在儿童时期检测到,虽然尚未确定与青春期的关系,但 AMH 似乎在 20 岁出头时达到顶峰。开发适应症包括评估和个体化化疗对生育的风险,诊断 PCOS 和作为颗粒细胞肿瘤的肿瘤标志物。试管婴儿诊所越来越多地常规使用 AMH 预示着在整个生殖生命周期的一系列临床情况中被更广泛地采用。它可以预测卵巢反应,并且在识别有卵巢过度刺激综合征风险或反应不佳的女性方面具有明确的价值,因此可以调整她们的期望。AMH 可在儿童时期检测到,虽然尚未确定与青春期的关系,但 AMH 似乎在 20 岁出头时达到顶峰。开发适应症包括化疗对生育风险的评估和个体化、多囊卵巢综合征的诊断以及作为颗粒细胞肿瘤的肿瘤标志物。试管婴儿诊所越来越多地常规使用 AMH 预示着在整个生殖生命周期的一系列临床情况中被更广泛地采用。它可以预测卵巢反应,并且在识别有卵巢过度刺激综合征风险或反应不佳的女性方面具有明确的价值,因此可以调整她们的期望。AMH 可在儿童时期检测到,虽然尚未确定与青春期的关系,但 AMH 似乎在 20 岁出头时达到顶峰。开发适应症包括化疗对生育风险的评估和个体化、多囊卵巢综合征的诊断以及作为颗粒细胞肿瘤的肿瘤标志物。试管婴儿诊所越来越多地常规使用 AMH 预示着在整个生殖生命周期的一系列临床情况中被更广泛地采用。
更新日期:2012-01-01
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