Neuron types are classically defined by anatomical and physiological properties that determine how synaptic inputs are integrated. Here, we provide an overview of the evidence that, among neurons of a single type, integration of synaptic responses is further tuned according to the particular function that individual neurons carry out. Recent data suggest that tuning of synaptic responses is not restricted to sensory pathways, but extends to cognitive and motor circuits. We propose that tuning of synaptic integration results from general cellular mechanisms for optimization of information processing that are distinct from, but complementary to, homeostasis and memory storage. These cellular tuning mechanisms might be crucial for distributed computations underlying sensory, motor and cognitive functions.

中文翻译：

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突触反应的调整：优化神经回路的组织原则

神经元类型通常由解剖学和生理学特性定义，这些特性决定了突触输入是如何整合的。在这里，我们提供了证据的概述，即在单一类型的神经元中，突触反应的整合根据单个神经元执行的特定功能进一步调整。最近的数据表明，突触反应的调节不仅限于感觉通路，还延伸到认知和运动回路。我们建议突触整合的调整来自于优化信息处理的一般细胞机制，这些机制与稳态和记忆存储不同，但又相互补充。这些细胞调节机制对于基于感觉、运动和认知功能的分布式计算可能是至关重要的。