N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are a subclass of the excitatory, ionotropic L-glutamate neurotransmitter receptors. They are important for normal brain function being both primary candidates for the molecular basis of learning and memory and in the establishment of synaptic connections during the development of the central nervous system. NMDA receptors are also implicated in neurological and psychiatric disorders. Their dysfunction which is primarily due to either hypo- or hyper-activity is pivotal to these pathological conditions. There is thus a fine balance between NMDA receptor-mediated mechanisms in normal brain and those in diseased states where receptor homeostasis is perturbed. Receptor activity is due in part to the number of surface expressed receptors. Understanding the assembly and trafficking of this complex, heteromeric, neurotransmitter receptor family may therefore, be pivotal to understanding diseases in which their altered activity is evident. This article will review the current understanding of the mechanisms of NMDA receptor assembly, how this assembly is regulated and how assembled receptors are trafficked to their appropriate sites in post-synaptic membranes where they are integral components of a macromolecular signalling complex.

中文翻译：

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NMDA 受体的组装和转发（综述）。

N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸 (NMDA) 受体是兴奋性离子型 L-谷氨酸神经递质受体的一个亚类。它们对于正常的大脑功能很重要，既是学习和记忆的分子基础的主要候选者，也是在中枢神经系统发育过程中建立突触连接的主要候选者。NMDA 受体也与神经和精神疾病有关。它们的功能障碍主要是由于活动不足或过度活动导致的，这对这些病理状况至关重要。因此，在正常大脑中 NMDA 受体介导的机制与受体稳态受到干扰的疾病状态下的机制之间存在良好的平衡。受体活性部分归因于表面表达受体的数量。了解这种复杂的异聚体的组装和运输，因此，神经递质受体家族可能对于了解其活性改变明显的疾病至关重要。本文将回顾目前对 NMDA 受体组装机制的理解，这种组装是如何被调节的，以及组装的受体如何被运送到突触后膜中的适当位点，在那里它们是大分子信号复合体的组成部分。