Three Pakistani populations residing in northern Pakistan, the Burusho, Kalash and Pathan claim descent from Greek soldiers associated with Alexander's invasion of southwest Asia. Earlier studies have excluded a substantial Greek genetic input into these populations, but left open the question of a smaller contribution. We have now typed 90 binary polymorphisms and 16 multiallelic, short-tandem-repeat (STR) loci mapping to the male-specific portion of the human Y chromosome in 952 males, including 77 Greeks in order to re-investigate this question. In pairwise comparisons between the Greeks and the three Pakistani populations using genetic distance measures sensitive to recent events, the lowest distances were observed between the Greeks and the Pathans. Clade E3b1 lineages, which were frequent in the Greeks but not in Pakistan, were nevertheless observed in two Pathan individuals, one of whom shared a 16 Y-STR haplotype with the Greeks. The worldwide distribution of a shortened (9 Y-STR) version of this haplotype, determined from database information, was concentrated in Macedonia and Greece, suggesting an origin there. Although based on only a few unrelated descendants, this provides strong evidence for a European origin for a small proportion of the Pathan Y chromosomes.

中文翻译：

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Y染色体证据证明希腊对巴基斯坦Pathan人口的贡献有限。

居住在巴基斯坦北部的Burusho，Kalash和Pathan的三个巴基斯坦人声称与亚历山大大帝入侵西南亚有关的希腊士兵的血统。较早的研究排除了向这些人群大量投入希腊的遗传资源，但仍未考虑贡献较小的问题。现在，我们对952位男性（包括77位希腊人）的人Y染色体的男性特定部分进行了定位，将90个二进制多态性和16个多等位基因，短串联重复（STR）基因座定位到人，以便重新研究这个问题。在希腊人和三个巴基斯坦人之间使用对最近事件敏感的遗传距离度量进行成对比较时，希腊人和Pathans之间的距离最小。进化枝E3b1血统，在希腊人中很常见，但在巴基斯坦却不常见，尽管如此，还是在两个Pathan个体中观察到了其中一个，其中一个与希腊人共享16 Y-STR单倍型。根据数据库信息确定，此单倍型的缩短（9 Y-STR）版本在世界范围内的分布集中在马其顿和希腊，这表明它的起源。尽管仅基于少数不相关的后代，但这为欧洲起源的一小部分Pathan Y染色体提供了有力的证据。